Chapter 11: Society, Culture, and Reform, 1820-1860

Question 1

utopian communities

Answer 1

creation of idea community in a fresh setting that became widespread during antebellum years

Question 2

Shakers

Answer 2

one of the earliest religious communal movements, held property in common and kept men and women separate (no marriages or sex), died out by mid 1900s

Question 3

Amana Colonies

Answer 3

Germans who settled in Iowa who belonged to religious reform movement Pietism, emphasized communal living, and continue to prosper

Question 4

Robert Owen

Answer 4

Welsh industrialist/reformer who founded New Harmony in Indiana

Question 5

New Harmony

Answer 5

secular experiment in Indiana, socialist community to help address inequity and alienation caused by Industrial Revolution, failed due to financial problems and disagreements among members

Question 6

Joseph Henry Noyes

Answer 6

founded Oneida community in New York after a religious conversion

Question 7

Oneida community

Answer 7

cooperative community in New York dedicated to perfect social and economic equality, shared property and marriage partners, criticized as a sinful experiment in “free love,” economically prosperous selling silverware

Question 8

Charles Fourier

Answer 8

French socialist advocate for Fourier Phalanxes

Question 9

phalanxes

Answer 9

people sharing work and housing in these communities, died out quickly

Question 10

Horace Mann

Answer 10

leading advocate of the common (public) school movement

Question 11

temperance

Answer 11

targeting alcohol as the cause of social ills

Question 12

American Temperance Society

Answer 12

Protestant ministers and others concerned with drinking and its effects founded this society in 1826 to persuade drinkers to take pledge of abstinence

Question 13

Washingtonians

Answer 13

formed in 1840 by recovering alcoholics, argued alcoholism was a disease that needed treatment

Question 14

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

Answer 14

group that revived temperance movement in late 1870s once Civil War had ended

Question 15

asylum movement

Answer 15

belief that inmates could be cured as a result of being withdrawn from squalid surroundings and treated to a disciplined pattern of life

Question 16

Dorothea Dix

Answer 16

a former school teacher from Massachusetts, campaigned against treatment of mentally ill persons locked up with criminals

Question 17

Thomas Gallaudet

Answer 17

opened a school for the deaf

Question 18

Samuel Gridley Howe

Answer 18

opened a school for the blind

Question 19

penitentiaries

Answer 19

new prisons that took place of crude jails

Question 20

Auburn system

Answer 20

system in New York that enforced rigid rules of discipline while also providing moral instruction and work programs

Question 21

public school movement

Answer 21

movement to establish free public schools for children of all classes

Question 22

McGuffey readers

Answer 22

a series of elementary school textbooks used to teach reading and morality, extolled virtues of hard work, punctuality, and sobriety

Question 23

American Peace Society

Answer 23

established in 1828 as a movement to abolish war, actively protested war with Mexico in 1846

Question 24

American Colonization Society

Answer 24

transporting freed slaves to an African colony in Monrovia, Liberia

Question 25

American Antislavery Society

Answer 25

radical abolitionist movement to put an end to all slavery, lead by William Lloyd Garrison, founded in 1833

Question 26

abolitionism William Lloyd Garrison; The Liberator

Answer 26

advocated for immediate abolition on slavery in every state/territory without compensating slave-owners

Question 27

Liberty party

Answer 27

antislavery political party founded in 1840, ran James Birney as candidate for president in 1840 & 1844

Question 28

Frederick Douglass; The North Star

Answer 28

former slave advocating for both political and direct action to end slavery and racial prejudice

Question 29

Harriet Tubman, Davide Ruggles, Sojourner Truth, William Still

Answer 29

helped organize the effort to assist fugitive slaves escape to free territory in the North or Canada

Question 30

David Walker, Henry Highland Garnet

Answer 30

northern African Americans who advocated for slaves to take action themselves by rising up in revolt against their owners

Question 31

Nat Turner

Answer 31

Virginia slave who lead a revolt in 1831 that killed 55 whites