Chapter 11 Test Questions Flashcards
1
Q
A cranial dural sinus contains which type of fluid?
A
Venous blood
2
Q
Most of the cerebrospinal fluid is found in the _____.
A
Subarachnoid space
3
Q
The _____ extension of the dura mater that separates the two cerebellar hemispheres.
A
Falx Cerebelli
4
Q
To minimize trauma, a spinal tap is properly done below the level of _____.
A
L3
5
Q
The cerebral hemispheres are connected by a large white fiber pathway called the _____.
A
Corpus Callosum
6
Q
Broca’s motor area is primarily concerned with _____.
A
Speech
7
Q
Broca’s area is usually in the _____ area of the _____.
A
Left ; Frontal Lobe
8
Q
Loss of the ability to speak is always related to _____.
A
Aphasia
9
Q
The precentral gyrus is involved with _____ activites.
A
Motor
10
Q
The infundibulum is a narrow part of the _____.
A
Pituitary
11
Q
Which of the following is an area of decussation? A) optic tract B) optic chiasma C) optic nerve D) olfactory tract
A
Optic Chiasma
12
Q
Sensory impulses are screened and relayed to higher centers by the _____ region.
A
Thalamus
13
Q
Of the following, the area that has the greatest effect on visceral functions such as heart rate and hormone production is the \_\_\_\_\_. A) thalamus B) hypothalamus C) cerebellum D) midbrain
A
Hypothalamus
14
Q
Most integration of the sex and food drive behaviors is accomplished through the _____ areas.
A
Limbic System
15
Q
The area that coordinates visual reflexes is the _____.
A
Superior Colliculus
16
Q
The following are plexus names except which one? A) cervical B) thoracic C) lumbar D) brachial
A
Thoracic
17
Q
The phrenic nerve arises from the _____ plexus.
A
Cervical
18
Q
The largest and longest nerve in the body is the _____.
A
Sciatic
19
Q
The following belong together except which one? A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) chain ganglia D) paravertebral ganglia
A
Parasympathetic
20
Q
Sympathetic nerves arise from _____ and _____ regions.
A
Thoracic ; Lumbar
21
Q
_____ is an inflammation of the brain coverings.
A
Meningitis
22
Q
The right and left gray matter areas of the spinal cord are connected by the _____.
A
Gray Commissure
23
Q
The _____ is the most inferior area of the spinal cord.
A
Conus Medullaris
24
Q
The _____ tract is motor in nature.
A
Corticospinal
25
At what level do the majority of nerve fibers cross from the right to the left?
Medulla
26
The term, which means crossing over, is _____.
Decussation
27
Lou Gehrig's disease can also be called _____.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
28
The main symptom of upper motor neuron syndrome is _____.
Spastic Paralysis
29
The brain contains about how many fibers and neurons?
100 billion
30
Initially, the developing forebrain is called the _____.
Prosencephelon
31
Pyramidal cells are located in the _____ region.
Corpus Callosum
32
The junction of the parietal, temporal and occipital association areas is called the _____.
General Interpretative Areas
33
Right and Left hemisphere memories are connected by the _____.
Corpus Callosum
34
The main difference between a CVA and TIA is that a CVA _____.
Involves some permanent damage
35
A blow to the skull causes a _____ when the person looses consciousness.
Concussion
36
What is the term for lack of blood flow?
Ischemia
37
Short-term memory seems to be processed in the _____ and frontal lobe areas.
Hippocampus
38
The inability to perform a simple task such as picking up a quarter, is related to _____.
Apraxia
39
```
Which of these terms does NOT belong with the others?
A) sensory
B) motor
C) dorsal root
D) posterior cord
```
Motor
40
```
The following are basal nuclei terms except which one?
A) caudate nucleus
B) putamen
C) hippocampus
D) globus pallidus
```
Hippocampus
41
The basal nuclei are mainly related to _____ functions.
Motor
42
The interventricular foramen connects the _____.
lateral to third ventricle
43
The third ventricle is located around and near the _____.
Thalamus
44
The cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the capillaries of the _____.
Choroid Plexus
45
On the average, nearly _____ ml of CSF are produced daily.
500
46
```
Which of the following is NOT normally a part of cerebrospinal fluid?
A) glucose
B) electrolytes
C) Na+
D) erythrocytes
```
Erythrocytes
47
Reabsorption of CSF occurs from the _____ into the dural sinuses.
Arachnoid Granulations
48
The following are true of CSF except which one?
A) is produced by choroid plexuses
B) transports glucose and other brain nutrients
C) flows under high pressure
D) found in all ventricles
Flows under high pressure
49
A spinal cord CSF sample is usually taken from the _____.
Lumbar Subarachnoid Space
50
The _____ has the main centers for breathing reflexes.
Medulla
51
```
Which of the following is NOT a medullary vital center?
A) thirst center
B) cardiac
C) vasomotor
D) respiratory
```
Thirst Center
52
The _____ acts to keep one aroused and awake.
Reticular Formation
53
```
The following are true of the cerebellum except which one?
A) has lobes connected by the vermis
B) controls voluntary movements
C) controls involuntary movements
D) has the arbor vitae pathways
```
Controls Voluntary Movements
54
The cranial nerve directly involved with swallowing is the _____.
IX
55
```
Eye movement is brought about by all of these except _____.
A) ophthalmic nerve
B) IV
C) III
D) abducens
```
Ophthalmic Nerve
56
Tic douloureux is facial pain traveling through the _____ nerve.
Trigeminal
57
The longest autonomic nerve is the _____.
Vagus
58
The _____ nerve is a branch of the VIII cranial nerve.
Cochlear
59
An area of skin innervated by sensory nerves is a _____
Dermatome
60
Norepinephrine is released from _____ nerves.
Sympathetic Postganglionic
61
```
The following could occur together effectively except which?
A) increase heart rate
B) sweating
C) digestion
D) pupil dilation
```
Digestion (adrenaline effects)
62
In which portion of the spinal cord do the interneurons lie?
Gray Matter
63
Which tract would be most likely to carry sensory impulses from the skin and joints to the brain?
Fasciculus Gracilis
64
The following statements all regard reflexes. Choose the statement that is incorrect.
A) Reflexes are automatic, subconscious responses.
B) Reflexes involve at least three neurons and all arcs through the spinal cord.
C) The knee-jerk reflex is an example of a monosynaptic reflex.
D) Sometimes reflexes are carried out properly because of innervation.
Reflexes involve at least three neurons and all arcs through the spinal cord.
65
The embryonic hindbrain gives rise to what structures in the brain?
Cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata
66
When a person thinks and solves problems, which area of the cerebrum is involved?
Frontal Lobe
67
The _____ is a portion of the brain that maintains homeostasis by linking activities of the endocrine and nervous system together.
Hypothalamus
68
What kind of peripheral nerve fiber carries motor impulses outward to smooth muscles and glands of internal organs?
General Visceral Efferent Fibers
69
The smallest pair of cranial nerves that arise from the midbrain and carry motor impulses to the superior oblique muscles of the eye are the _____ nerves.
Trochlear
70
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is characterized by each of these except which one?
A) Preganglionic fibers arise from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.
B) Terminal ganglia are located close to effector organs.
C) Preganglionic fibers are myelinated; postganglionic fibers are not.
D) Parasympatheic postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine
Preganglionic fibers arise from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.
71
Partial or complete inability to coordinate voluntary movements is also referred to as _____.
Ataxia
72
Which structures would NOT be innervated by the sympathetic nervous system?
Skeletal Muscle
73
The connective tissue closest to the single neuron is the _____.
Endoneurium
74
The cell body of all somatic sensory neurons is located within the _____.
Dorsal Root Ganglion
75
```
Which term should be last in this reflex sequence?
A) sensory neuron
B) motor neuron
C) effector
D) receptor
```
Effector
76
Parkinson disease tremors are the result of which condition?
Dopamine Deficiency
77
The connection between the third and fourth ventricle is called the _____.
Cerebral Aqueduct
78
Breathing centers accessory to the medulla oblongata are located in which brain area?
Pons
79
Which brain area acts to regulate body tempurature?
Hypothalamus
80
Which brain area acts to screen all incoming sensory data except for smell?
Thalamus
81
Emotional responses and attitudes are associated with which brain area?
Limbic System
82
The cerebral hemispheres are connected by the _____.
Corpus Callosum
83
All spinal tracts must pass through the medulla oblongata. T/F?
True
84
The ventricles are solid regions of the embryonic brain. T/F?
False
85
The telecephalon develops into the cerebellum. T/F?
False
86
The myelencephalon becomes the medulla oblongata. T/F?
True
87
The cerebral aqueduct passes through the cerebellum. T/F?
False
88
Anencephaly is a condition in which the brain fails to develop. T/F?
True
89
Spina Bifida is a condition of incomplete closure of the posterior parts of the spinal cord T/F?
True
90
A gyrus is a shallow groove in the brain surface. T/F?
False
91
The cerebral cortex contains 50% of the cell bodies in the nervous system. T/F?
False
92
Movements of the right arm and right eye are controlled by neurons in the left cerebral hemisphere. T/F?
False
93
Higher mental skills are associated mainly with the association areas of the frontal lobes. T/F?
True
94
Language abilities area mainly a right hemisphere phenomenon. T/F?
False
95
Long-term memory is related to functions of the hippocampus. T/F?
True
96
The basal nuclei mainly function to stimulate and control motor movements. T/F?
False
97
The tremors in Parkinsons disease are caused by a deficiency of dopamine activity. T/F?
True
98
Huntington's disease usually has symptoms of hypokinesia, or reduced movements. T/F?
False (more not reduced)
99
A lumbar puncture can be referred to as a spinal tap. T/F?
True
100
Hydrocephalus usually results in a reduction of ICP. T/F?
False (increased)
101
The axillary nerves arise from the brachial plexus. T/F?
True
102
The autonomic nervous system is voluntary in nature. T/F?
False
103
The meninges cover the brain, spinal cord, and spinal nerves. T/F?
False
104
Bleeding into the brain is called a subdural hematoma. T/F?
False (not only subdural)
105
The vagus nerve is adrenergic in function. T/F?
False
106
Norepinephrine stimulates alpha and beta receptors effectively the same. T/F?
True
107
Somatic nerve fibers enter the area of the intestines. T/F?
False
108
The reticular formation can dysfunction resulting in a come T/F?
True
109
Dreaming ocurs during normal, non-REM sleep. T/F?
False
110
Proper posture and balance are functions of the cerebellum. T/F?
True
111
An isoelectric EEG can be an indicator of death. T/F?
True
112
Olfactory nerves innervate the taste buds. T/F?
False
113
There are 30 pairs of spinal nerves. T/F?
False (there's 31)
114
The dorsal roots are sensory in nature. T/F?
True
115
The withdrawal reflex is an example of a contralateral reflex. T/F?
False
116
Connections o the brain are required in order to have a reflex such as a knee-jerk. T/F?
False (reflex usually happens before signals get to brain)
117
The term gray matter is used to describe the appearance of myelinated nerved fibers. T/F?
False
118
Connections between neurons are mainly found within the central white matter portion of the spinal cord. T/F?
False
119
Persons are usually NOT aware that reflexes are occurring, because they are involuntary. T/F?
False
