Chapter 11: The Muscular System Flashcards by Dawn Penton

The stationary end of a muscle (Usually Proximal). Some muscles have more than one of these.

Origin

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The moving end of a muscle. (Usually Distal). Some muscles have more than one of these, but most have only one.

Insertion

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The portion of a muscle between the origin and insertion.

Belly

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Skeletal muscle fibers are arranged within the muscle in bundles called ___.

fasciculi (Singular: fasciculus)

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Fasciculi are parallel with longitudinal axis of muscle and terminate at either end in flat tendons.

Parallel arrangement of fasciculi

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Fasciculi are nearly parallel with longitudinal axis of muscle and muscle bulges in the middle.

fusiform arrangement of fasciculi

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Muscle fasciculi are short in relation to muscle length and resemble a feather.

pennate arrangement of fasciculi

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Type of pennate arrangement: fasciculi are arranged on only one side of tendon (like a feather with pinnae only along one side)

unipennate arrangement of fasciculi

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Type of Pennate arrangement: fasciculi are arranged on both sides of a centrally positioned tendon. (like a feather)

bipennate arrangement of fasciculi

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Type of pennate arrangement; fasciculi attach obliquely from many directions to several tendons.

multipennate arrangement of fasciculi

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Direction of Muscle Fibers!

The Fibers run parallel to the midline .

Rectus

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Direction of Muscle fiber!

the fibers run perpendicular to the midline .

Transverse

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Direction of muscle fibers

the fibers run diagonally to the midline

Oblique

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A characteristic of muscle that is based on a structure near to which a muscle is found. (Ex: a muscle near the frontal bone in the skull - Frontal)

Location!

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A characteristic of muslce based on the relative size of the msucle.

size

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Means that it is the largest.

Maximus

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Means that the muscle is the smallest

Minimus

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Means that the muscle is the longest

Longus

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Means that the muscle is short

Brevis

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Two Origins

biceps

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Means that the muscle has three origins

Triceps

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Means that the muscle has four orgins.

Quadriceps

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Triangular - Shaped .

Deltoid .

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Shaped like a Trapezoid.

Trapezius.

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Saw- Toothed

Serratus

Diamond Shaped.

Rhomboideus

Muscle that originates on sternum and clavicle and inserts on mastoid process of temporal bone.

Sternocleidomastoid.

Muscle that originates on styloid process of temporal bone and inserts on hyoid bone.

Stylohyoid

An action of muscle that decreases the angle.

Flexor.

An action that increases the angle at a joint.

Extensor.

Moves a bone away from the midline.

Abductor.

Moves a bone closer to the midline.

Adductor.

Produces an upward movement.

Levator.

Produces a downward movement.

Depressor.

Turns the palm upward or anteriorly.

Supinator

Turns the palm downward or posteriorly.

Pronator.

Decreases the size of an opening.

Sphincter.

Makes a body part more rigid.

Tensor.

Moves a bone around its longitudinal axis.

Rotator.

(Facial) Draws scalp forward, raises eyebrows, and wrinkles skin of forehead horizontally.

Frontalis.

[Facial] - draws scalp backwards.

Occipitalis.

[Facial] - closes lips, compresses lips against teeth, protrudes lips, and shapes lips during speech.

Orbicularis oris.

[Facial] draws angle of mouth upward and outward as in smiling or laughing.

Zygomaticus.

[Facial] major cheek muscle - compresses cheek as in blowing air out of mouth.

Buccinator

[Facial] closes eye.

Orbicularis Oculi

[Lower Jaw] - elevates mandible as in closing mouth, assists in side to side movement or mendible, and protrudes mandible.

Masseter.

[Lower Jaw] - Elevates and retracts mandible and assists in side to side movement of mandible.

Temporalis

[Head] - contraction of both muscles draws the head forward. Contracting of one muscle rotates face toward same side as the contracting muscle.

Sternocleidomastoid.

[Abdmonial Wall] Compresses abdomen to aid in defecation, urination, forced expiration, and childbirth.

Rectus abdominis

Contraction of both muscles compresses abdomen; contraction of one side alone bends vertebral column laterally.

External oblique.

[Abdominal Wall] Compresses abdomen, contraction of one side along bends vetebral column laterally.

Internal oblique

[Abdominal Wall] Compresses Abdomen.

Transversus abdominis.

[Shoulder girdle] rotates scapula upward and laterally and elevates ribs.

Serratus anterior.

[Shoulder Girdle]] Elevates clavicle, adducts scapula, rotates scapula upward.

Trapezius

[Humerus] Flexes, adducts, and rotates arm medially.

Pectoralis

[Humerus] - extends, adducts, and rotates arm medially; draws arm downward and backward.

Latissumus dorsi

[Scapular] - abducts, flexes, extends, and medially and laterally rotates arm.

Deltoid.

[Scapular] extends arm, assists in adduction and medial rotation of arm.

Teres Major

[Scapular] Rotates arm laterally, extends and adducts the arm

Teres minor

[Scapular] flexes and adducts arm

Coracobrachialis

[Forearm] flexes and supinates the forearm; flexes arm

Biceps brachi

Flexes forearm

Brachialis

Flexes forearm; assists in supinating and pronating the forearm,

Brachioradialis

(Extensor) Extends forearm; extends arm

Triceps brachi

(Extensors) Extends forearm ;

Anconeus

[Wirst, hand, and fingers] flexes and abducts wrist.

Flexor carpi radialis

Felxes Wrist

Palmaris longus

flexes and adducts wrist

Flexor carpi ulnaris

[Anterior, Deep, Wrist, Hand, fingers] flexes distal phalanges of each finger.

Flexor digitorum profundus

[Anterior, Deep, Wrist, Hand, Finger] flexes thumb

Flexor pollicus longus

[Posterior, Superficial, Wrist, Hand, Finger] extends and abducts wrist.

Extensor carpi radialis longus

[Posterior, superficial] extends and abducts wrist

Extensor Carpi radialis brevis

[Posterior, Superficial] Extends phalanges

Extensor digitorum

[Posterior Superficial] extends and adducts wrist

Extensor carpi ulnaris

[Posterior, Deep] Extends thumb and abducts wrist

Abductor pollicis longus

[Posterior, Deep] Extends index finger.

Extensor indicis

[Thigh] Extends and rotates thigh laterally

Gluteus Maximus

Abducts and rotates thigh mediallly

glutues medius

Rotates thigh laterally and abducts it.

Tensor fasciae latae

Adducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh.

Adductor longus

Adducts, flexes, medially rotates, and extends thigh.

Adductor magnus

[Leg], Medial compartment] Adducts thigh, and flexes leg

Adductor magnus

[Medial Comp.] adducts thigh and flexes leg.

Gracilis

[Medial comp.] extends leg and flexes thigh.

Rectus Femoris

[Leg, Medial Comp.] Extends leg and flexes thigh.

1. Vastus lateralis 2. Vastus medialis

[Leg, Medial Comp] flexes leg, flexes thigh, and rotates it laterally, thus crossing the leg.

Santorius

[Hamstrings] Flexes leg, extends thigh.

1. Biceps femoris 2. Semitendinosus 3. Semimembranosus

[Foot and Toes, Anterior Comp] Dorsiflexes [heel down, toe up] and inverts [rotates medially] the foot.

Tibialis anterior

[Foot and Toes, Anterior Comp] Dorsiflexes (heel down, toe up) and inverts (rotates medially) foots, and extends great toe.

Extensor hallucis longus

[Foot, Toes, Anterior Comp] Dorsiflexes (heel down, toe up) & everts (rotates laterally) foot, and extends toes.

Extensor digitorum longus

Plantar (toe down, heel up) flexes and everts (rotates laterally) foot.

1. Peroneus 2. Peroneus Brevis

[Posterior Compartment, Foot, Toes] Plantar flexes (toe up, heel down) FOOT, and flexes leg.

Gastrocnemius

Plantar flexes (toe down, heel up) foot.

Soleus

[Posterior Compartment, Deep] flexes and medially rotates leg.

Popliteus

[Posterior, Deep] Plantar flexes (toe down, heel up) and inverts foot and flexes toes.

Flexor digitorum longus.

Intramuscular (IM) Injections are preferred whenever:

1. Large doses of a medication is required that is greater than can be given subcutaneously. 2. a drug is too irritating to give subcutaneously 3. when prompt absorption is desired. Fast absorption is promoted by the extensive blood supply in muscle tissue.

Common Sites of IM Injection:

* Gluteus medius, Vastus lateralis, or Deltoid muscle

R.I.C.E Therapy:

R- Rest I-Ice C-Compression E- Elevation

Known as Patellofemoral stress syndrome (PSS)

Knee injury , or Runner's Knee.

[Leg and Foot injury] Pain along the front of the tibia, especially the medial, distal two thirds. Caused by tendinitis of the Tibialis anterior muscles or toe flexors, inflammation of the periosteum of the tibia, or stress fractures of the tibia. Usually occurs when poorly conditioned individuals run on hard or banked surfaces with poirly supporting running shoes.

Shinsplits

An inflammatory reaction due to chronic irritation of the plantar aponeurosis at its origin on the calcaneus. worsened by reapeated impact on hard surfaces treat with R.I.C.E, heel pads, stretching calf muscles

Plantar fascilits (painful heel syndrome)

Caused by small, partial fractures, sometimes too small to be seen on X-Ray, resulting from the inability to withstand repeated streess.

Stress Fractures.

Done!!

Chapter 11: The Muscular System Flashcards

(103 cards)