Chapter 11: The Oceans

Question 1

What determines wave height?

Answer 1

How fast, long and how far the winds has been blowing them. They’re height ranges from 2m to 5m

Question 2

What are calm waves called?

Answer 2

Swells

Question 3

How do you measure the height of a wave?

Answer 3

From trough to crest

Question 4

How do you measure the wavelength of a wave?

Answer 4

Crest to Crest

Trough to Trough

Question 5

Frequency

Answer 5

The time it takes for a wave to pass a certain point.

Question 6

What creates waves?

Answer 6

Wind*

Question 7

How are some of the highest waves created?

Answer 7

Earthquakes, Landslides and under water volcanoes

Question 8

How do the particles in a wave move?

Answer 8

In a circular motion, in the direction of the wave.

Question 9

What happens as a wave approaches shore?

Answer 9

The top continues at the same speed but the bottom slows down due to friction

Question 10

What is a breaker?

Answer 10

In a body of water a wave that breaks or collapses into foam when it reaches shallow water or the beach. Wave length shortens during this process.

Question 11

Describe the impact of ocean waves (breakers) on a bay and headland

Answer 11

Most of the energy is concentrated on the headlands applying a lot less force on the bay.

Question 12

How is sand formed?

Answer 12

Erosion causes rock to break down into what we call sand, on gentler slopes it stays.

Question 13

What kind of waves erode a beach?

Answer 13

Winter waves

Question 14

What kind of waves add sediment to the beach?

Answer 14

Summer waves

Question 15

What is a breakwater and why is it called that?

Answer 15

A breakwater is a structure set up to break waves so they have less of an impact on the shore and leave sand beaches sandy.

Question 16

What controls tides movements?

Answer 16

The moon

Question 17

What are the largest tides called?

Answer 17

Spring tides, this is when the sun and moon are in line

Question 18

What are low tides called?

Answer 18

Neap tides, when the sun and moon are at a right angle to each other.

Question 19

When the spring tide is high where is the extra water coming from?

Answer 19

The other side of the ocean

Question 20

What is the interval between one tide and the next?

Answer 20

6hrs and 13 mins

Question 21

What is the largest ecosystem in the world?

Answer 21

Oceans

Question 22

Below what is the ocean pitch black?

Answer 22

100 metres

Question 23

What controls the shape and formation of the ocean floor?

Answer 23

The shifting of tectonic plates

Question 24

What are tectonic plates?

Answer 24

Part of the earth’s outer crust, continents sit on them. They cause earthquakes volcanos etc.

Question 25

What ocean is getting wider?

Answer 25

The Atlantic

Question 26

What are the newest part of the ocean called? What are they made up of?

Answer 26

Mid-Ocean ridges, they are made up of quick hardening molten lava.

Question 27

What are underwater mountains called? Where are they the most common?

Answer 27

Seamounts | The Pacific Ocean

Question 28

What are underwater canyon called?

Answer 28

Trenches

Question 29

What are the huge expanses of open space on the ocean floor called?

Answer 29

Abyssal Plains

Question 30

What is the continental shelf?

Answer 30

The gradually sloping area between a sea coast and the edge of the ocean basin

Question 31

What is a continental slope?

Answer 31

A steep slope dividing a continental shelf from an ocean basin

Question 32

What is the chemical name for sea salt?

Answer 32

Sodium Chloride

Question 33

Where does the minerals and materials in the ocean come from?

Answer 33

Rivers

Question 34

What is a current?

Answer 34

It is like a massive river in the water

Question 35

What drive currents?

Answer 35

Currents are driven by ocean winds, they are caused by constant prevailing wind patterns.

Question 36

How do prevailing wind patterns move?

Answer 36

Clockwise above the equator and counterclockwise below the equator

Question 37

What are three factors affecting prevailing wind patterns?

Answer 37

Uneven heating in the atmosphere Rotation of the earth Continents

Question 38

What creates wind?

Answer 38

Differences in air pressure produced by uneven heating in the atmosphere

Question 39

What is the Coriolis effect?

Answer 39

A deflection (bending) of moving air and water currents; produced by the earth's rotation

Question 40

What direction do trade winds move?

Answer 40

East to west

Question 41

What direction do westerly wind move?

Answer 41

West to east

Question 42

How do continents impact ocean currents?

Answer 42

Moving continents are forced to turn when they meet a solid surface (continents)

Question 43

What are the three temperature zones in the ocean?

Answer 43

Mixed layer Thermocline Deep water

Question 44

What are density currents?

Answer 44

a mass of cold water flowing beneath the ocean surface; the water is often more saline (salty) than surrounding water and often contains a significant amount of sediment.

Question 45

What is an upwelling?

Answer 45

When cold water rises to the surface to replace water blown to different areas.