chapter 11 - the periodic table

Question 1

What is the periodic table?

Answer 1

A list of elements arranged in order of increasing proton (atomic) numbers

It divides the elements into periods and groups.

Question 2

What is a group in the periodic table?

Answer 2

A vertical column of the elements

Groups contain elements with similar properties.

Question 3

What is a period in the periodic table?

Answer 3

A horizontal row of the elements

The Periodic Table consists of 7 periods of elements, numbered 1 to 7.

Question 4

How are groups numbered in the periodic table?

Answer 4

Groups are numbered 1, 2, 3 to 18 from left to right

Question 5

What happens to the proton number as you move across a period?

Answer 5

The proton number increases by one

Question 6

What trend occurs as you move across a period?

Answer 6

Elements change from metals to non-metals

Question 7

What does the period number indicate?

Answer 7

The number of electron shells an element has

Question 8

How many groups are in the periodic table?

Answer 8

18 groups of elements

Question 9

What are the elements in Group 1 called?

Answer 9

Alkali Metals

Question 10

What are the elements in Group 17 called?

Answer 10

Halogens

Question 11

What are the elements in Group 18 called?

Answer 11

Noble Gases

Question 12

What do elements in the same group have in common?

Answer 12

The same number of valence electrons

Question 13

What is the relationship between group number and valence electrons for Groups 1 and 2?

Answer 13

They have the same number of valence electrons as the group number

Question 14

What is the formula for determining valence electrons in Groups 13 to 18 (except helium)?

Answer 14

Group number minus 10

Question 15

What type of ions do metallic atoms form?

Answer 15

Positive ions, e.g., Na+, Mg2+, Al3+

Question 16

What type of ions do elements in Groups 16 and 17 tend to form?

Answer 16

Negative ions, e.g., S2– and Cl–

Question 17

What is unique about the elements in Group 18?

Answer 17

They have stable electronic configurations and do not form compounds

Question 18

What are metalloids?

Answer 18

Elements next to the imaginary diagonal line in the periodic table with properties of metals and non-metals

Question 19

What happens to metallic properties across a period?

Answer 19

They decrease, while non-metallic properties increase

Question 20

What is the trend of oxides across a period?

Answer 20

They change from basic oxides to acidic oxides

Question 21

What type of oxides do metals form?

Answer 21

Basic oxides

Question 22

What type of oxides do non-metals form?

Answer 22

Acidic oxides

Question 23

What type of oxides do metalloids form?

Answer 23

Amphoteric oxides

Question 24

What happens to metallic properties down a group?

Answer 24

There is an increase in metallic properties and a decrease in non-metallic properties

Question 25

What causes the increase in atomic size down a group?

Answer 25

Increasing number of protons and hence number of electron shells

Question 26

How does the distance of the outermost electron from the nucleus change down a group?

Answer 26

It becomes further away from the nucleus

Question 27

What are the characteristics of Group 1 elements?

Answer 27

Most reactive, shiny solids, very soft, low melting and boiling points

Question 28

What happens when alkali metals react with water?

Answer 28

They produce an alkaline solution containing hydroxide ions

Question 29

What is observed when universal indicator is added to the solution after alkali metal reaction?

Answer 29

The colour changes from green (pH 7) to purple (pH 13-14)

Question 30

What gas is produced during the reaction of alkali metals with water?

Answer 30

Hydrogen gas

Question 31

How can the presence of hydrogen gas be tested?

Answer 31

With a lighted splint which will be extinguished with a pop sound