Chapter 11.1

Question 1

Who is considered the founder of psychosocial development

Answer 1

erik erikson

Question 2

Name the neurotic trends espoused by Karen Horney.

Answer 2

submission, aggression, detachment

Question 3

was a stronger motivating force in the development of personality than libido.

Answer 3

anxiety

Question 4

Alfred Adler proposed the main shaper of personality is:

Answer 4

compensation

Question 5

True or False: Alfred Adler believed that people possess innate negative motives and strive toward personal and social degeneration.

Answer 5

false

Question 6

Which psychologist is the founder of Individual Psychology?

Answer 6

alfred adler

Question 7

Jung further divided people into ___________________, who regulate their behavior by thinking, and ________________________, who base their actions on perceptions.

Answer 7

rational, irrational

Question 8

This category of people, according to Jung, are interested in other people and the world at large, whereas This category of people are more concerned with their own private worlds.

Answer 8

extrovert, introvert

Question 9

According to Jung, two important archetypes are the ______________, the expression of female traits in a man, and the _____________, the expression of male traits in a woman.

Answer 9

anima, animus

Question 10

According to Jung, __________________ is that part of our personality by which we are known to other people, like a mask we put on to go out into public.

Answer 10

persona

Question 11

According to Jung, over the millennia, the human mind has developed certain thought forms, called _______________________, which give rise to mental images of mythological representations.

Answer 11

archetypes

Question 12

Which of the following is/are a part(s) of unconsciousness, according to Carl Jung?

Answer 12

personal and collective

Question 13

According to Freud, the Oedipus/Electra Complex develops during which developmental stage?

Answer 13

phallic

Question 14

What are the five stages of development, according to Sigmund Freud?

Answer 14

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Question 15

What are the structures identified by Freud as part of human personality?

Answer 15

id, ego, and superego

Question 16

True or False: According to Freud, personality is made of four structures.

Answer 16

false, 3

Question 17

Which psychologist identified sexual and aggressive instincts as the primary unconscious drives that determine human behavior.

Answer 17

Freud

Question 18

The psychologist believed that the quality of the parent-child relationship affects the development of the personality, in that it helps determine whether the child feels competent and valuable and is able to form a secure sense of identity.

Answer 18

erik erikson

Question 19

Which psychologist believed that a person’s reaction to real and imagined dangers or threats, which he/she defined as anxiety, is a stronger motivating force than the sexual drive, or libido.

Answer 19

karen horney

Question 20

Which psychologist believed that the unconscious consisted of two distinct components.

Answer 20

carl jung

Question 21

Who is given credit for being the founder of psychoanalysis?

Answer 21

freud

Question 22

Which psychologist’s work laid the groundwork for humanistic personality theory?

Answer 22

Alfred Adler

Question 23

What are the three components of personality that Carl Rogers’ theory of personality states that humans must move from Incongruence to Congruence?

Answer 23

true self, ideal self, and self-image

Question 24

Which humanist psychologist claimed that people develop their personalities in the service of positive goals?

Answer 24

carl rogers

Question 25

Which humanist psychologist claimed that people develop their personalities in the service of a hierarchy of needs?

Answer 25

maslow

Question 26

According to Carl Rogers, the biological push to become whatever it is that we are capable of becoming is called the ______________________.

Answer 26

actualizing tendency

Question 27

A ________________________ is someone whose self-concept closely matches his or her inborn capabilities, who were usually raised with unconditional positive regard.

Answer 27

fully functioning person

Question 28

children who are brought up with ___________________________ tend to deviate from their inborn capacities to construct a personality more in line with how other people see them.

Answer 28

conditional positive regard

Question 29

Trait theorists insist that each person possesses a unique constellation of fundamental _________________.

Answer 29

personality traits

Question 30

Which psychologist's trait theory of personality emphasized the relevance of present circumstances?

Answer 30

gordon allport

Question 31

Which psychologist identified 16 basic traits using a statistical technique called factor analysis?

Answer 31

raymond catell

Question 32

Which psychologist argued that personality could be reduced to three basic dimensions?

Answer 32

hans eysenck

Question 33

According to psychologist Hans Eysenck, what are the dimensions that constitute personality?

Answer 33

emotional stability (Neuroticism), introversion-extroversion (Extraversion) , and Psychoticism

Question 34

According to Trait Theorists, what does the acronym OCEAN stand for?

Answer 34

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

Question 35

Which psychologist stated that we tend to overestimate the consistency of another person's actions both because we see that person in only a limited number of situations that elicit similar behavioral responses, and because we disregard any behavior that does not fit with our preexisting image of that person?

Answer 35

walter mischel

Question 36

Which personality theorists view behavior as the product of interaction of cognitions, learning and past experiences, and the immediate environment:

Answer 36

albert bandura

Question 37

Psychologist Albert Bandura suggests that certain internal __________________ determine how a person evaluates a situation and that this evaluation has an effect on the person’s behavior

Answer 37

expectancies

Question 38

T or F: People with an internal locus of control believe they can control their own fate through their actions, whereas people with an external locus of control believe their fate rests with chance and the behavior of others.

Answer 38

true; internal - fate, external - chance and behavior

Question 39

Expectancies lead people to conduct themselves according to unique ______________________, individually determined measures of excellence by which they judge their behaviors.

Answer 39

performance standards

Question 40

True or false: Cognitive-social learning theories avoid the narrowness of trait and behavioral theories, as well as the reliance on case studies and anecdotal evidence that weakens psychodynamic and humanistic theories. However, such correlations do not provide evidence for causes of behavior.

Answer 40

true; they avoid

Question 41

Name the objective personality tests discussed in class.

Answer 41

Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (a.k.a the 16PF), NEO-PI-R, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Question 42

Name the projective personality tests discussed in class.

Answer 42

Rorschach test and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)