Chapter 12

Question 1

Acromegaly

Answer 1

enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face, jaw, and extremities

Question 2

Addison Disease

Answer 2

results from a deficiency in the secretion of adrenocorticol hormones

Question 3

Adenoma

Answer 3

tumor of a gland

Question 4

Adrenalectomy

Answer 4

surgical excision of a gland

Question 5

Adrenocorticotropin Hormone

Answer 5

stimulates growth and development of the adrenal cortex

Question 6

Androgen

Answer 6

a steroid hormone that regulates the development and maintenance of male characteristics

Question 7

Calcitonin

Answer 7

influences bone and calcium metabolism and helps maintain plasma calcium homeostasis

Question 8

Cortisol

Answer 8

regulates protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism; needed for gluconeogenesis

Question 9

Cortisone

Answer 9

glucocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; used an an anti-inflammatory agent

Question 10

Cushing Disease

Answer 10

results from the hyper-secretion of cortisol

Question 11

Dopamine

Answer 11

is a naturally occurring sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitter

Question 12

Dwarfism

Answer 12

condition of being abnormally small

Question 13

Endemic Goiter

Answer 13

an enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by the deficiency of iodine in the diet

Question 14

Epinephrine

Answer 14

acts as a vasoconstrictor/ vasopressor/ cardiac stimulant

Question 15

Estrogen

Answer 15

natural female sex hormone secreted by the ovarian follicles

Question 16

Fasting blood sugar

Answer 16

test performed on blood to determine the level of sugar in the bloodstream

Question 17

Gastrin

Answer 17

stimulates gastric acid secretion

Question 18

Glucagon

Answer 18

a hormone formed in the pancreas which promotes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose in the liver

Question 19

Graves’ Disease

Answer 19

an autoimmune disease in which the antibodies produced by the immune system stimulate the thyroid to produce too much thyroxine

Question 20

Hiruitism

Answer 20

abnormal condition characterized by excessive growth of hair, especially as occurring in women

Question 21

Hypercalcemia

Answer 21

pathological condition of excessive amounts of calcium in the blood

Question 22

Hyperglycemia

Answer 22

pathological condition of excessive amounts of sugar in the blood

Question 23

Hypergonadism

Answer 23

condition in which your gonads overproduce hormones

Question 24

Hyperinsulinism

Answer 24

condition of the excessive amounts of insulin in the blood; causing low blood sugar

Question 25

Hyperkalemia

Answer 25

condition of excessive amounts of potassium in the blood

Question 26

Hypogonadism

Answer 26

condition caused by deficient internal secretion of the gonads

Question 27

Hypophysis

Answer 27

literally means any undergrowth

Question 28

Hypothalamus

Answer 28

serves as the principal regulator of autonomic nervous activity that is associated with behavior and depression

Question 29

Insulin

Answer 29

hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets of the pancreas

Question 30

Lethargic

Answer 30

pertaining to drowsiness; sluggish

Question 31

Melatonin

Answer 31

a peptide hormone that influences sleep-wake cycles

Question 32

Myxedema

Answer 32

condition of muscle swelling

Question 33

Nocturia

Answer 33

urination during the night

Question 34

Norepinephrine

Answer 34

hormone produced by the adrenal medulla that acts as a neurotransmitter

Question 35

Parathyroid

Answer 35

plays a role in maintenance of normal serum calcium level and in the metabolism of phosphorus

Question 36

Pineal Gland

Answer 36

secretes melatonin and serotonin

Question 37

Pituitarism

Answer 37

any condition of the pituitary gland

Question 38

Pituitary Gland

Answer 38

small grey gland located at the base of the brain

Question 39

Polydipsia

Answer 39

excessive thirst

Question 40

Progeria

Answer 40

pathological condition of premature old age occurring in childhood

Question 41

Progesterone

Answer 41

female sex hormone produced by the ovaries

Question 42

Serotonin

Answer 42

stimulates neurotransmitters, smooth muscle, and vasocontrictor

Question 43

Somatotropin

Answer 43

promotes growth and development of bones, muscle, and other organs

Question 44

Thymitis

Answer 44

inflammation of the thymus gland

Question 45

Thyroidectomy

Answer 45

surgical excision of the thyroid gland

Question 46

Thyroiditis

Answer 46

inflammation of the thyroid gland

Question 47

Thyrotoxicosis

Answer 47

poisonous condition of the thyroid gland

Question 48

Thyroxine

Answer 48

hormone produced by the thyroid gland

Question 49

Vasopressin

Answer 49

hormone produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Question 50

Virialism

Answer 50

pathological condition in which secondary male characteristics, such as growth of hair on the face and/or body and deepening of the voice are produced in a female