Chapter 12

Question 1

Supports body, protects Soft body parts, produces blood cells, stores minerals/fat, allows body movement

Answer 1

Functions of skeletal system

Question 2

Bone, cartilage, ligaments

Answer 2

Tissue of skeletal system

Question 3

Stem cells located in bone

Answer 3

Osteogenic cells

Question 4

Are young, bone-forming cells

Answer 4

Osteoblasts

Question 5

Are mature bone cells located within lacunae (chambers)

Answer 5

Osteocytes

Question 6

Cells that break down bone

Answer 6

Osteoclasts

Question 7

More flexible than bone, no nerves/ blood vessels

Answer 7

Cartilage

Question 8

Fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage, and elastic cartilage

Answer 8

Types of cartilage

Question 9

Strongest type of cartilage

Answer 9

Fibrocartilage

Question 10

Between vertebrae, in knees

Answer 10

Fibrocartilage location

Question 11

Most abundant type of cartilage

Answer 11

Hyaline cartilage

Question 12

Ends of long bones, in nose, larynx, trachea, etc

Answer 12

Hyaline cartilage location

Question 13

Most flexible type of cartilage

Answer 13

Elastic cartilage

Question 14

Outer ear; epiglottis

Answer 14

Elastic cartilage location

Question 15

Fibrous connective tissue; binds bones to one another

Answer 15

Ligaments

Question 16

Shaft of bone; walls composed of compact bone; large medullary cavity

Answer 16

Diaphysis

Question 17

Area of mature bone between diaphysis and epiphysis; contains epiphyseal plate

Answer 17

Metaphysics

Question 18

Region of cartilage that allows bone growth

Answer 18

Epiphyseal plate

Question 19

Around 206 bones in adults

Answer 19

Skeleton

Question 20

Forms midline of body

Answer 20

Axial skeleton

Question 21

Composed of bones of pectoral and pelvic girdles and attached limbs

Answer 21

Appendicular skeleton

Question 22

Composed of cranial bones and facial bones

Answer 22

Skull

Question 23

Protect brain, provide structure to face, aid breathing, eating, etc

Answer 23

Skull functions

Question 24

Membranous regions that join bones in infants

Answer 24

Fontanels

Question 25

Air spaces in some skull bones

Answer 25

Sinuses

Question 26

Anchors torque and serves as site of attachment for swallowing muscles

Answer 26

Hyoid Bones

Question 27

Consists of 33 vertebrae

Answer 27

Vertebral column

Question 28

Neck

Answer 28

Cervical

Question 29

Thorax/chest

Answer 29

Thoracic

Question 30

Lower back

Answer 30

Lumbar

Question 31

Separate neighboring vertebrae

Answer 31

Invertebral disks

Question 32

Supports head, protects spinal cord, and serves as the site of attachment for arms and legs

Answer 32

Vertebral column

Question 33

Protects heart, lungs, and aids in breathing

Answer 33

Rib cage

Question 34

Consists of bones of pectoral (shoulder) and pelvic (hip) girdles and their attached limbs

Answer 34

Appendicular skeleton

Question 35

Specialized for flexibility

Answer 35

Pectoral girdle

Question 36

Specialized for strength and stability

Answer 36

Pelvic girdle

Question 37

Areas where bones meet/join

Answer 37

Articulations

Question 38

Joints are immovable; include structures of cranial bones

Answer 38

Fibrous

Question 39

Sliantiy movable; include costal cartilages, invertebrate disks

Answer 39

Cartilaginous joints

Question 40

Freely movable

Answer 40

Synovial joints

Question 41

Vertebral column consists of how many vertebrae?

Answer 41

33 vertebrae

Question 42

Bone formation

Answer 42

Ossification

Question 43

Bones develop between sheets of fibrous connective tissue

Answer 43

Intramembranous ossification

Question 44

Bones develop from hyaline cartilage models

Answer 44

Endochondral ossification

Question 45

Bands of "leftover" cartilage between primary and secondary ossification centers

Answer 45

Epiphyseal plates

Question 45

Bands of "leftover" cartilage between primary and secondary ossification centers

Answer 45

Epiphyseal plates

Question 46

Bones can no longer length after closure occurs

Answer 46

Epiphyseal plate closure

Question 47

Promotes absorption of calcium in small intestines

Answer 47

Vitamin D (calcitrol)

Question 48

Stimulates growth of epiphyseal plate

Answer 48

Growth hormone (gh)

Question 49

Increases metabolic activity in cells, including those in bone

Answer 49

Thuroid hormone (Th)

Question 50

Stimulate osteoblast activity

Answer 50

Sex hormones

Question 51

Refers to bone being broken down and reformed

Answer 51

Bone remodeling

Question 52

Released when blood calcium levels are too low; osteoblasts stimulated

Answer 52

Parathyroid hormone (pth)

Question 53

Released when blood calcium levels are too high; osteoblasts stimulated

Answer 53

Calcitonin

Question 54

Damaged blood vessels leak blood into break creating a _

Answer 54

Hematoma

Question 55

Repair begins with ___ formation

Answer 55

Fibrocartilaginous callus

Question 56

Replaces fibrocartilaginous callus

Answer 56

Bony callus