Chapter 12

Question 1

Yuan Dynasty

Answer 1

Chinese-styled Mongol dynasty that ruled China from 1271 to 1368; founded by Kublai Khan; name means “Great Beginnings” in Chinese

Question 2

Pastoralism

Answer 2

Nomadic or semi-nomadic way of life in which people depend on herding of domesticated animals for their food

Question 3

Mongol world war

Answer 3

Term used to describe half a century of military campaigns, massive killing, and empire building pursued by Chinggis Khan and his successors in Eurasia after 1209

Question 4

Kaghan

Answer 4

Supreme ruler of a Turkic nomadic confederation

Question 5

Fictive kinship

Answer 5

Common form of tribal bonding in nomadic societies in which allies are designated and treated as blood relatives

Question 6

Black Death

Answer 6

Massive outbreak of a bubonic plague pandemic that swept through Eurasia beginning in 1331

Question 7

Almoravid Empire

Answer 7

Emerging out of an Islamic reform movement among the 11th century Berber pastoralists, this state incorporated a large part of NW Africa with its capital in Marrakesh; in 1086, it crossed the Strait of Gibraltar into Spain, where it offered vigorous opposition to Christian Reconquista before collapsing by the mid-12th century

Question 8

Modun

Answer 8

Great ruler of the Xiongnu Empire (r. 210-174 BCE) who created a centralized and hierarchical political system

Question 9

Kublai Khan

Answer 9

Grandson of Chinggis Khan who founded the Yuan dynasty and ruled China from 1271 to 1294

Question 10

Hulagu Khan

Answer 10

Grandson of Chinggis Khan (c. 1217-1265) who became the first il-khan (subordinate khan) of Persia

Question 11

Ghazan Khan

Answer 11

Il-khan of Persia who ruled from 1295 to 1304; he is noted for his efforts to repair the Mongol damage to Persia

Question 12

Chinggis Khan

Answer 12

Title meaning “universal ruler” that was given to the Mongol leader Temujin in 1206 after he united the Mongols

Question 13

Turks

Answer 13

552 and 965 C.E Pastoral nomadic peoples from the Central Asian steppes, created a series of nomadic empires but had a more lasting impact on world history when they became dominant in the Islamic heartland and founded a series of states and empires there

Question 14

Xiongnu

Answer 14

People of the Mongolian steppes north of China who formed a large-scale nomadic empire in the 3rd-2nd centuries BCE

Question 15

Temujin

Answer 15

Birth name of Chinggis Khan (1162-1227)

Question 16

Karakorum

Answer 16

Capital of the Mongol Empire

Question 17

Khanbalik

Answer 17

The “city of the khan,” founded as a new capital city for the Mongols after their conquest of China; now the city of Beijing

Question 18

Kipchak Khanate

Answer 18

Name given to Russia by the Mongols after they conquered it and incorporated it into the Mongol Empire in the mid—13th century; known to Russians as the “Khanate of the Golden Horde”