Chapter 12 Flashcards
- gas particles travel in straight lines unless they collide with other particles or the wall of the container
- Gas particles have negligible volume compared to the free space between them
- Molecular collisions are perfectly elastic and kinetic energy is conserved
- there are no attractive or repulsive forces between particles or a gas
- the average kinetic energy of the particles is proportioned to the absolute temperature
What does this describe
Kinetic molecular theory of matter
Kinetic theory of liquids describes what
*Particles will have less kinetic energy then gaseous state
* Particles have been reduced in kinetic energy and are close enough to form intermolecular forces
What are 4 properties of water
*Definite volume no definite shape
* High density ( 1000x more dense than gas phase)
* Relatively incompressible
* Diffusion
Is water polar or non polar
Polar
7 Properties of water
*Polar
* Excellent solvent
* High heat capacity and heat vaporization
* Has cohesive and adhesive properties
* Capillary action attraction between surfaces of a liquid
* Less dense as a solid then a liquid
What theory consists of small particles that vibrate around fixed positions and have intermolecular forces that are very Strong and the particles are more orderedml.
Kinetic theory for solids
What are the 6 properties of solids
*Definite shape and volume
* No - fluid
* High density
* Incompressible
* Slow rate of diffusion
* Definite melting pointn
What are Crystals definition and traits
- all true solids are made of crystals
- Composed of repeating orderly basic structures called unit cells
- Crystal lattice the total 3-d arrangement of the particles of a crystal
There are 4 types of crystals what are they
*Covalent network
* Metallic Crystals
* Ionic
*Covalent molecular
What is a covalent network solid ?
*The entire network is held together by covalent bonds, not intermolecular forces
* Every hard crystal
* Very high melting point
* Does not dissolve in water
*May conduct electricity in solid state ( graphite )
* entire crystal is the molecule
Describe a metallic solid
*Positive ions surrounded by a sea of electrons ( non directional bond)
What is a non directional bond
These bonds are responsible for unique properties of metal
* good conductor
* malleable / ductile
* Shiny
* Ex. Copper, silver, steel
Ionic solids have 6 traits what are they
*Held together by (+)(-) charges
* Soluble in water
* Conduct electricity in the solution or when melted
* High melting points
* Entire crystal is the molecule
* Brittle crystals structure that leaves along a plane
* Ex. NaCl, Ca, F2
Describe the 4 traits of covalent molecular solids
- may dissolve in water
- Do not conduct electricity in solid or aqueous state
- have lower melting points
- can be either polar or non polar depending on the intermolecular forces present
Describe the two traits of non polar covalent molecular solids
- made up for no polar covalent molecules
- Held together by only London dispersion forces
- Ex, I2
Describe the 4 traits of polar covalent molecular solids
- polar
- Made up of polar covalent molecules
- Held together by dipole - dipole attractions
Or hydrogen bonding ( along with long dispersion forces )
Ex, H2O, NH3,( ammonia)
Amorphous solids have three traits what are they
- have no true crystal structure
- Have no definite melting point
- Ex, butter, glass, plastic
Dynamic equilibrium has two categoric parts what are they
A. Chemical equilibrium
B. Phase Equilibrium
What are the 3 points of dynamic equilibrium
- State in which two opposing forces occur simultaneously at equal rates
- No set change occur
- called homeostasis for biological organisms
What point is under chemical equilibrium
- involves chemical reaction between reactants and products
What are the 2 parts of points under phase Equilibrium
*Only occurs in a closer container
* Exists between solid, liquid, and gas phase of a substance
What is liquid - vapor Equilibrium
Rate of evaporation and condensation are equal
What is solid - liquid equilibrium
Ate of melting and freezing are equal
What is solid vapor Equilibrium
The rate of sublimation and deposition are equally
