Chapter 1.2 Flashcards
(14 cards)
What do afferent neurons do?
Afferent neurons ascend the cord towards the brain.
What do efferent neurons do?
Efferent neurons exit the cord to the rest of the body.
What are the types of nerve cells in the nervous system?
- Sensory: afferent. Transmits sensory information to spinal cord and brain.
- Motor: efferent. Transmits motor information from brain/spinal cord to muscles.
- Interneurons: between neurons and are most numerous.
Where are interneurons predominantly located and what is their function?
Located predominantly in spinal cord and responsible for reflex.
What are reflex arcs?
Neural circuits that will signal motor movement before the brain can react.
What comprises the central nervous system (CNS)?
The brain and spinal cord.
What comprises the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Nerve tissue and fibers, including 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves.
What is the somatic nervous system?
It consists of sensory and motor neurons.
What is the autonomic nervous system?
It regulates involuntary muscles associated with internal organs and glands.
What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?
Fight-or-flight response activated by stress, accelerating heart rate and inhibiting digestion.
What are the effects of the sympathetic nervous system?
Increases glucose concentration and releases epinephrine into the bloodstream.
What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Rest-and-digest, conserving energy.
What are the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Constricts the bronchi, stimulates flow of saliva, stimulates bile release, and increases digestion by increasing peristalsis and exocrine secretion.
What neurotransmitter is associated with the parasympathetic nervous system?
Acetylcholine.
