Chapter 12

Question 1

define stress

Answer 1

response to the perception of threat, pressure, emotional or physical triggers

Question 2

stress can be seen as what?

Answer 2

a response, a stimulus (demands from school or a job) or as a product of transaction amongst people

Question 3

what is the general cause of stress, what is the duration and is it pos or neg?

Answer 3

-external trigger
-acute triggers though it can be chronic
-can be neg or pos

Question 4

define eustress

Answer 4

positive stress associated with improved performance and productivity

Question 5

what are the characteristics of anxiety?

Answer 5

-persistent, excessive
-present with or without stressor
-may be out of proportion
-sustained
-negative only, can affect important areas of life

Question 6

what are some symptoms of stress?

Answer 6

**mental and physical
-fatigue
-anger
-digestive issues
-sweating
- increased heart rate
-poor concentration

Question 7

what are some symptoms of anxiety?

Answer 7

**mental and physical
-muscle tension
-irritability
-headaches
-stomach pain
-sweating
-irritability

Question 8

define acute stressors

Answer 8

we experience the stressor as it is happening, as we are coming into contact with it

Question 9

define episodic acute stressors

Answer 9

experiencing the same stressors on a consistent basis (constant worrying or over committing at work)

Question 10

define chronic stressors

Answer 10

constant and major life stress

Question 11

define distress

Answer 11

negative stress associated with performance decline and negative health consequences

Question 12

what determines where something causes distress or eustress?

Answer 12

perception of the stressor and coping resources

Question 13

define general adaptation syndrome

Answer 13

3 phases of bodily change that occur due to long term stress

Question 14

what are the 3 phases of general adaptation syndrome and what scale uses them to measure stress?

Answer 14

1. alarm
2. resistance
3. exhaustion
   -life change index scale

Question 15

what occurs in the alarm stage of stress?

Answer 15

perceive the threat, activation of the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic nervous system), cortisol release, insulin resistance

Question 16

what occurs in the resistance stage of stress?

Answer 16

cope with stressors, arousal continues

Question 17

what occurs in the exhaustion stage of stress?

Answer 17

body is negatively impacted
**cells live shorter lives

Question 18

what is the HPA axis?

Answer 18

response to stress by the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal glands

Question 19

what is the role of cortisol in the body?

Answer 19

releases glucose, helps the body when threatened

Question 20

define PNI (psychhoneuroimmunology)

Answer 20

studies the relationship between psych, nervous and endocrine systems and the immune system

Question 21

what happens when stress is chronic within the body?

Answer 21

the HPA axis is always active, adrenals produce more cortisol than necessary

Question 22

Mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) is helpful how?

Answer 22

it is flexible and customizable to every person

Question 23

define happiness

Answer 23

a psychological perspective and state of mind

Question 24

what are some of the benefits of happiness?

Answer 24

-health and longevity
-increased productivity and income
-larger pain tolerance

Question 25

define the state theory

Answer 25

identifying a time period where you were happy (gratification)

Question 26

define hedonism

Answer 26

more positive, pleasurable experiences in life than negative ones

Question 27

what is the life satisfaction theory?

Answer 27

satisfaction with your existence, judging your own life and is linked to virtues and values

Question 28

what are the main sources of happiness?

Answer 28

SOARS -security -outlook -autonomy -relationships -skilled and meaningful acitivity

Question 29

what are altruistic acts?

Answer 29

doing something without expecting it in return