chapter 12

Question 1

acidic solution

Answer 1

a solution that has a Ph below 7

Question 2

alkaline solution

Answer 2

solution with a Ph of above 7

Question 3

alkalis

Answer 3

compounds that react with acids to form salts

Question 4

Alkanolamines

Answer 4

alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the Ph of many hair products

Question 5

Alpha hydroxy acids

Answer 5

acids derived from plants that are used to exfoliate the skin

Question 6

ammonia

Answer 6

colorless gas with a bad odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen

Question 7

anion

Answer 7

an ion with a negative electrical charge

Question 8

atoms

Answer 8

the smallest chemical compounds of an element

Question 9

cation

Answer 9

an ion with a positive electrical charge

Question 10

chemical change

Answer 10

a change in chemical composition of a substance

Question 11

chemical properties

Answer 11

characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in a substance

Question 12

chemistry

Answer 12

science that deals with the composition of matter and chemicals

Question 13

combustion

Answer 13

rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by heat and light

Question 14

compound molecules

Answer 14

also known as compounds

Question 15

element

Answer 15

the simplest form of chemical matter that cannot be broken down

Question 16

elemental molecule

Answer 16

molecule containing 2 or more atoms in the same element

Question 17

emulsifier

Answer 17

an ingredient that brings 2 incompatible materials together and binds them together

Question 18

emulsion

Answer 18

an unstable physical mixture of 2 or more immiscible substances

Question 19

exothermic reactions

Answer 19

chemical reaction that produce heat

Question 20

glycerin

Answer 20

sweet, colorless, oily substance that is used as a solvent

Question 21

immiscible

Answer 21

iquids that are not capable of being mixed together

Question 22

inorganic chemistry

Answer 22

the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon but may contain hydrogen

Question 23

ion

Answer 23

an atom that carries an electrical charge

Question 24

lanthonization

Answer 24

the separation of an atom into positive and negative ions

Question 25

lipophilic

Answer 25

oil loving substance

Question 26

logarithm

Answer 26

multiples of 10

Question 27

matter

Answer 27

any substance that occupies space

Question 28

miscible

Answer 28

liquids that are mutually soluble

Question 29

molecule

Answer 29

a chemical combination of 2 or more atoms in fixed proportions

Question 30

oil in water emulsion

Answer 30

oil droplets in water

Question 31

organic chemistry

Answer 31

the study of substances that contain the element carbon

Question 32

oxidization

Answer 32

chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide

Question 33

oxidation-reduction

Answer 33

chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized

Question 34

oxidizing agent

Answer 34

substance that releases oxygen

Question 35

pH

Answer 35

the potential for hydrogen

Question 36

pH

Answer 36

a measure of acidity of a substance ranging from 0-14

Question 37

physical change

Answer 37

a change in the physical composition of a substance

Question 38

physical mixture

Answer 38

the mixture of substances that changes the physical components

Question 39

physical properties

Answer 39

characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction

Question 40

pure substance

Answer 40

a chemical combination of matter in any fixed proportion

Question 41

reducing agent

Answer 41

a substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound

Question 42

reduction

Answer 42

the process through which oxygen is subtracted or hydrogen is added to a substance through chemical reaction

Question 43

reduction reaction

Answer 43

a chemical reaction in which oxygen is subtracted or hydrogen is added

Question 44

silicones

Answer 44

special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water resistant lubricants for the skin

Question 45

solute

Answer 45

the substance that is dissolved in a solution

Question 46

solution

Answer 46

a stable physical mixture of 2 or more substances

Question 47

solvent

Answer 47

the substance that dissolves the solute and makes a solution

Question 48

states of matter

Answer 48

three different types of matte

Question 49

surfactants

Answer 49

substances that allow oil and water to mix

Question 50

suspensions

Answer 50

unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid

Question 51

thioglycolic

Answer 51

a colorless liquid that is used in permanent waving solution

Question 52

volatile alcohols

Answer 52

alcohols that evaporate easily

Question 53

volatile organic compounds

Answer 53

compounds that contain carbon

Question 54

water in oil emulsions

Answer 54

water droplets emulsified in oil