Chapter 12

Question 1

Psychoactive Substance

Answer 1

substances that alter mood or behaviour

Question 2

Substance use

Answer 2

problematic use of substance

Question 3

Polysubstance use

Answer 3

using multiple substances

Question 4

Intoxication

Answer 4

result from ingesting psychoactive substances:
- impaired judgment
- mood changes
- impaired motor ability

Question 5

Substance Use Disorder

Answer 5

defined by how much a substance interferes with the user’s life

Question 6

Physiological Dependence (Tolerance & Withdrawal)

Answer 6

when you have to take greater amounts of the same drug to feel something (tolerance) and a negative response when the drug is gone (withdrawal):
- can be present w/o misuse

Question 7

Sensitization

Answer 7

increased responsiveness to the drug

Question 8

Depressants

Answer 8

• behavioural sedation
• 21% of Canadians exceed low risk guidelines
• Sedative (Barbiturates = risk of suicide/slows down brain)
• Anxiolytics (Benzodiasepines (risks of tolerance and dependence/affects nervous system by relaxing)

Question 9

Stimulants

Answer 9

elevate mood and activity:
- MDMA
- Cocaine
- Nic
- Caffeine
- ADHD meds

Question 10

Opioids

Answer 10

reduce pain and produce euphoria
- increased risk for HIV and AIDS
- relieve pain and help with sleep

Question 11

Hallucinogens

Answer 11

alter sensory perception:
- DMT
- Psilocybin
- Mescaline
- PCP

Question 12

Cannabis

Answer 12

• 15% of Canadians use

Question 13

Reverse Tolerance

Answer 13

when a small amount of substance trips you more than a great amount

Question 14

Inhalant

Answer 14

chemicals people breathe through their lungs:
- spray paint
- hair spray
- paint thinner
- NO2
- Nail polish remover

Question 15

Steroids

Answer 15

synthesized form of testosterone

Question 16

Designer Drugs

Answer 16

made to target specific diseases and disorders:
- MDMA (extasy)
- MDEA (eve)
- PDMPEA (nexus)

Question 17

DTs

Answer 17

Delirium tremens: a severe form of alcohol withdrawal

Question 18

FAS

Answer 18

fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 19

Causes: Genetic

Answer 19

certain ppl are genetically vulnerable to drug misuse
- most to do with alcohol

Question 20

ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase)

Answer 20

• enzyme that helps humans metabolize alcohol
• diff ppl have diff amounts

Question 21

Causes: + and - reinforcement

Answer 21

• neg: ppl are more likely to use drugs to escape from unpleasantness in lives (take away the bad)
• pos: ppl use to alter mood (gives the good)

Question 22

Causes: Expectancies

Answer 22

• cultural dimensions:
• Korea drink a lot
• Mexico and Brazil have high drug availability

Question 23

Causes: reward

Answer 23

our brains appears to have a natural pleasure pathway that mediates our experience of rewards that drugs affect (make you feel good)

Question 24

Agonist Substitution

Answer 24

replace drug with one with a safer one with similar chemical makeup (ex. giving meth instead of heroin)

Question 25

Antagonist Drugs

Answer 25

medications that block or counter effects of psychoactive drugs

Question 26

Clonidine

Answer 26

given to ppl withdrawing from opioids, helps treat hypertension

Question 27

Hypertension

Answer 27

high blood pressure

Question 28

AA

Answer 28

treatment group

Question 29

Inpatient Facilities

Answer 29

provide therapy and no access to drugs for a period

Question 30

Twelve Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous

Answer 30

based on God and belief, part of AA (the basis of its philosophy)

Question 31

Harm Reduction

Answer 31

slowly reducing use: - safe injection sites - clean equipment - better support

Question 32

Prevention

Answer 32

go for support over "no drugs," keep it community based

Question 33

Gambling Disorder

Answer 33

unable to resist the urge to gamble, leads to personal consequences)

Question 34

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Answer 34

episodes of acting on aggressive impulses

Question 35

Kleptomania

Answer 35

urge to steal things not needed for personal use or value

Question 36

Pyromania

Answer 36

urge to set fires (impulse-control disorder)