Chapter 12 Flashcards
Nonverbal Behavior
Facial expressions, gestures, mannerisms and movements we use to communicate.
Attributions
People’s explanations for why events or actions occur.
Personal Attributions
Explanations that refer to people’s internal characteristics such as abilities, traits, moods or efforts.
Situational Attributions
Explanations that refer to external events such as the weather, luck, accidents or other people’s actions.
Fundamental Attribution Error
In explaining other’s behavior, the tendency to overemphasize personality traits and underestimate situational factors.
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
People’s tendency to behave in ways that confirm their own expectations or other people’s expectations.
Prejudice
Negative feelings, opinions and beliefs associated with a stereotype.
Discrimination
Unjustified treatment of people as a result of prejudice.
Ingroup Favoritism
Tendency for us to prefer people within our group.
Attitudes
People’s evaluations of objects, events or ideas.
Explicit Attitudes
Attitudes that a person can report.
Implicit Attitudes
Attitudes that influence a person’s feelings and behavior at an unconscious level.
Cognitive Dissonance
An uncomfortable mental state due to a contradiction between two attitudes or between an attitude and a behavior.
Persuassion
The active and conscious effort to change an attitude through transmission of a message.
Social Facilitation
When the mere presence of others enhances performance.
Social Loafing
The tendency for people to work less hard in a group than when working alone.
Deindividuation
A state of reduced individuality, self-awareness and attention to personal standards.
May occur when people are part of a group.
Conformity
Altering of one’s behaviors and opinions to match those of other people or to match other people’s expectations.
Social Norms
Expected standards of conduct which influence behavior.
Compliance
Tendency to agree to do things requested by others.
Aggression
Any behavior that involves the intention to harm someone else.
Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
The extent to which people feel frustrated predicts the likelihood that they will act aggressively.
Prosocial
Tending to benefit others.
Altruism
The providing of help when it is needed without any apparent reward.
