Chapter 12

Question 1

Abnormal Psychology

Answer 1

the application of psychological science to understanding and treating mental disorders

Question 2

Prevalence

Answer 2

the frequency of occurrence of a given condition in a population at a given time

Question 3

Psychological Disorder

Answer 3

an ongoing dysfunctional pattern of thoughts, emotion, and behavior that causes significant distress,and that is considered deviant in that persons culture or society.
Have both biological and environmental influences.

Question 4

bio-psycho-social model of illness

Answer 4

a way of understanding disorder that assume that disorder is caused by biological, psychological, and social factors.

Question 5

biological component

Answer 5

influences on disorder that comes from the functioning of the individuals body; genetic characteristics are important.

Question 6

psychological component

Answer 6

the influences that come from the individual, such as patterns of negative thinking and stress response.

Question 7

social component

Answer 7

the influence on the disorder due to social and cultural factors such as socioeconomic status, homelessness, abuse, and discrimination.

Question 8

Comorbidity

Answer 8

occurs when people who suffer from one disorder also suffer at the same time from other disorders.

Question 9

stigma

Answer 9

a disgrace of defect that indicates that a person belongs to a culturally devalued social group.

Question 10

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM)

Answer 10

a document that provides a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders.
Organizes psychological disorder into fiver dimensions (known as axes).

Question 11

Axis I

Answer 11

Is a clinical syndrome, such ad a mood, anxiety, or learning disorder present?

Question 12

Axis II

Answer 12

Is a personality disorder or mental retardation present?

Question 13

Axis III

Answer 13

Is a general medical condition, such as heart disease, diabetes, or cancer, present?

Question 14

Axis IV

Answer 14

Are social or environmental problems such as homelessness, divorce, school problems, or other stressors, present?

Question 15

Axis V

Answer 15

What is the global assessment of this functioning (ranging from “persistent danger of hurting oneself or others” to “superior functioning in a wide range of activities”)?

Question 16

attention-deficit/hyperactivity diorder (ADHD)

Answer 16

a developmental behavior disorder characterized by problems with focus, difficulty maintaining attention, and inability to concentrate, in which symptoms start before 7 years of age.

Question 17

autistic disorder

Answer 17

a disorder of neural development characterized by impaired social interaction and communication and by restricted and repetitive behavior, and in which symptoms begin before 7 years of age.

Question 18

asperger’s disorder

Answer 18

a developmental disorder that affects a child ability to socialize and communicate effectively with other and in which symptoms begin before 7 years go age.

Question 19

anxiety

Answer 19

the nervousness or agitation that we sometimes experience, often about something that is going to happen.(linked to areas of brain with emotion, blood pressure, heart rate, decision making, and action monitoring)

Question 20

anxiety disorders

Answer 20

psychological disturbances marked by irrational fears, often of everyday objects and situations.

Question 21

General anxiety disorder (GAD)

Answer 21

a psychological disorder diagnosed in situations in which a person has been excessively worrying about money, health, work, family life, or relationship for at least 6 months, even though he or she knows that the concerns are exaggerated, and when the anxiety causes significant distress and dysfunction.

Question 22

panic disorder

Answer 22

a psychological disorder characterized by sudden attacks of anxiety and terror that have led to significant behavioral changes in the person’s life.

Question 23

phobia

Answer 23

a specific fear of a certain object, situation, or activity.

Question 24

social phobia

Answer 24

extreme shyness around people or discomfort in social situations.

Question 25

agoraphobia

Answer 25

anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing, or in which help may not be available.

Question 26

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 26

a psychological disorder that is diagnosed when an individual continuously experiences distressing or frightening thoughts, and engages in repetitive thoughts or behavior in an attempt to calm these thoughts.

Question 27

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 27

people with ptsd experience high level of anxiety along with reexperiencing the trauma, and a strong desire to avoid any reminders of the event. (those suffering from ptsd have smaller hippocampus)

Question 28

dissociative disorder

Answer 28

a condition that involves disruptions or breakdowns of memory, awareness, and identity (relatively rare condition and are most frequently observed in adolescents and young adults.

Question 29

dissociative amnesia

Answer 29

a psychological disorder that involves extensive, but selective, memory loss, but in which there is no physiological explanation for the forgetting.

Question 30

dissociative fugue

Answer 30

a psychological disorder in which an individual loses complete memory of his or her identity and may even assume a new one, often far from home.

Question 31

dissociative identity disorder

Answer 31

a psychological disorder in which two or more distinct and individual personalities exist in the same person, and there is an extreme memory disruption regarding personal information about the other personalities.

Question 32

host personality

Answer 32

the personality in control of the body most of the time

Question 33

alter personalities

Answer 33

tend to differ from each other in terms of age, race, gender, language, makers, and even sexual orientation. (women are more frequently diagnosed with this)

Question 34

mood

Answer 34

the positive or negative feelings that are in the background of our everyday experience.

Question 35

mood disorder

Answer 35

psychological disorder in which the persons mood negatively influences his or her physical, perceptual, social, and cognitive processes. (tend to experience more intense negative moods)

Question 36

depression

Answer 36

a common symptom of mood disorder is negative mood

Question 37

dysthymia

Answer 37

a condition characterized by mild, but chronic, depressive symptoms that last for at least 2 years.

Question 38

major depressive disorder

Answer 38

mental disorder characterized by an all-encompassing low mood accompanied by low self-esteem and by loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.

Question 39

bipolar disorder

Answer 39

a psychological disorder characterized by swings in mood from overly high to sad and hopeless, and back again, with periods of near-normal mood in between

Question 40

cycle of depression

Answer 40

negative emotions create negative behavior, which lead others to respond negatively to the individual, creating even more depression.

Question 41

schizophrenia

Answer 41

a serious psychological disorder marked by delusions, hallucinations, loss of contact with reality, inappropriate affects, disorganized speech, social withdrawal, and deterioration of adaptive behavior.

Question 42

positive symptoms

Answer 42

the presence of abnormal behavior or experience that are not observed in normal people (hallucination, delusions, derailment, disorganized behavior, inappropriate affect, movement disorders)

Question 43

negative symptoms

Answer 43

refer to the loss or deterioration of thoughts and behavior that are typical of normal functioning. (social withdrawal, limited speech, poor hygiene, loss of motivation, distorted sense of time, lack of pleasure in everyday life, and lack of goal oriented activity)

Question 44

cognitive symptoms

Answer 44

change in cognitive processes that accompany schizophrenia. (poor executive control, trouble focusing, working memory problems, poor problem-solving abilities)

Question 45

hallucinations

Answer 45

imaginary sensations that occur in the absence of a real stimulus or which are gross distortions of a real stimulus.

Question 46

delusions

Answer 46

false beliefs not commonly shared by others within one's culture, and maintained even though they are obviously out of touch with reality.

Question 47

delusions of grandeur

Answer 47

believe that they are important, famous, or powerful.

Question 48

delusions of persecution

Answer 48

believe that a person or group seeks to harm them.

Question 49

catatonia

Answer 49

state in which a person does not move and is unresponsive to others.

Question 50

Personality disorder

Answer 50

A disorder characterized by inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others that cause problems in personal, social, and work situations.

Question 51

Schizotypal

Answer 51

Peculiar or eccentric manner of speaking it dressing. "Magical thinking" such as belief in ESP or telepathy. May react oddly in conversation, not respond, or talk to self. ( possibly a mild form of schizophrenia)

Question 52

Schizoid

Answer 52

Extreme introversion and withdrawal from relationships. Prefers to be alone, little interest in others. Fearful if closeness, with poor social skills, often seen as a "loner"

Question 53

Borderline personality disorder

Answer 53

A psychological disorder characterized by a prolonged disturbance of personality accompanied by mood swings, unstable personal relationships, indenture problems, threat to self-destructive behavior, fears of abandonment, and impulsivity.

Question 54

Antisocial personality disorder

Answer 54

A pervasive pattern of violation of the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood. 3x more likely to diagnose in men. Often referred to as "sociopaths" or "psychopaths."

Question 55

Somatization disorder

Answer 55

A psychological disorder in which a person experiences numerous long lasting but see long unrelated physical ailments that have no identifiable physical cause

Question 56

Conversion disorder

Answer 56

a psychological disorder in which patients experience specific neurological symptoms such as numbness, blindness, or paralysis, but where no neurological explanation is observed or possible.

Question 57

hypochondriasis (hypochondria)

Answer 57

psychological disorder that us focused on preoccupation, accompanied by excessive worry about having a serious illness.

Question 58

sexual dysfunction

Answer 58

a psychological disorder that occurs when the physical sexual response cycle is inadequate for reproduction or for sexual enjoyment.

Question 59

Gender identity disorder (GID or transsexualism)

Answer 59

when the individual displays a repeated and strong desire to be the other sex, a persistent discomfort with ones sex, and a belief that one was born the wrong sex, accompanied by significantly dysfunction and distress.

Question 60

Paraphilia

Answer 60

a sexual deviation where sexual arousal is obtained from a consistent pattern of inappropriate response to objects r people, and in which the behavior associated with the feelings are distressing and dysfunctional.

Question 61

Histrionic personality disorder

Answer 61

constant attention seeking. Grandiose language, proactive dress, exaggerated illness, all to gain attention. Believes that everyone loves him. Emotional, lively, overt dramatic, enthusiastic, and excessively flirtatious.

Question 62

dependent personality disorder

Answer 62

Submissive, dependent, requiring excessive approval, reassurance, and advice. Clings to people and fears losing them. Lacking self-confidence. Uncomfortable when alone. May be devastated by end of close relationship or suicidal if with breakup is threatened.