Chapter 12

Question 1

Matching Hypothesis

Answer 1

males and females of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other as partners

Question 2

Similarity effects

Answer 2

people do better in relationships when they are similar

Question 3

Reciprocity effects

Answer 3

liking those who show that they like you

Question 4

inferences that people draw about the causes of events

Answer 4

attributions

Question 5

Ex) son banged up car due to carelessness

Answer 5

internal attributions

Question 6

Ex) son banged up car due to bad weather

Answer 6

external attributions

Question 7

what is an example of internal-stable causes

Answer 7

ability or intelligence

Question 8

what is an example of external-unstable causes?

Answer 8

luck, chance, opportunity

Question 9

environmental or external permanent reasons for an outcome

Answer 9

external-stable causes

Question 10

personal temporary reasons why something happened

Answer 10

internal-unstable causes

Question 11

example of external-stable causes

Answer 11

task difficultly

Question 12

environmental or external temporary reasons for an outcome

Answer 12

external-unstable causes

Question 13

example of internal-unstable causes

Answer 13

effort, mood,fatigue

Question 14

personal permanent causes for an outcome

Answer 14

internal-stable causes

Question 15

who came up with the Model of Attribution Theory?

Answer 15

Bernard Weiner

Question 16

this error refers to observer’s bias in favor of internal attributions in explaining other’s behavior

Answer 16

Fundamental Attribution Error

Question 17

widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group

Answer 17

Stereotype

Question 18

preconceived opinion or attitude a person has that is not based on reason or actual experience

Answer 18

Prejudice

Question 19

treating someone differently because of thier membership to a particular group

Answer 19

Discrimination

Question 20

True or False: Prejudice is an implicit attitude

Answer 20

True

Question 21

what is a explicit attitude

Answer 21

attitudes that one holds consciously and can readily describe

Question 22

what is an implicit attitude

Answer 22

are covert attitudes that are expressed in subtle autonomic responses over which one has little conscious control

Question 23

a group that one belongs to and identifies with

Answer 23

ingroup

Question 24

a group that one does not belong to or identify with

Answer 24

outgroup

Question 25

the tendency to attribute one's success to personal factors and one's failures to situational factors

Answer 25

Self-Serving Bias

Question 26

True or False: Self-Serving Bias grows weaker as time passes from said event

Answer 26

False

Question 27

expectations about a person cause us to treat the person a certain way and then cause the person to behave in ways that confirm the expectations

Answer 27

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Question 28

What is Defensive Attributions

Answer 28

blaming the victim

Question 29

what is Confirmation Bias?

Answer 29

seeking information that supports one's beliefs while not pursuing dis-confirming information

Question 30

when a belief and an experience don't add up, ex) when you meet someone that goes against their stereotype

Answer 30

Cognitive Dissonance

Question 31

when you give a verbal and physical yes

Answer 31

consent

Question 32

when you say yes but on the inside your saying no

Answer 32

compliance

Question 33

What is the By-stander Effect ?

Answer 33

People are less likely to provide needed help when they are in groups rather than when they are alone

Question 34

a reduction in effort by individuals when they work in groups compared to when they work alone

Answer 34

Social Loafing

Question 35

how can you decrease social loafing ?

Answer 35

smaller group size, and identify individual work

Question 36

widely shared expectations about how people in certain positions are supposed to behave

Answer 36

social roles

Question 37

what man ran the prison social experiment when random college student radically fell into harsh social roles based on their environment

Answer 37

Phillip Zimbardo

Question 38

what was learned from Stanley Milgram's "Teacher/Learner" experiment ?

Answer 38

that strong pressure from an authority figure can make decent people do indecent things to others

Question 39

what are men looking for in women?

Answer 39

youthfulness and physical attractiveness because that is associated with greater reproductive potential

Question 40

what do women look for in men?

Answer 40

mate's ambition, social status, and financial potential because these traits should be associated with the ability to invest material resources in children

Question 41

learned helpfulness

Answer 41

a passive behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable averse events - occurs when individuals believe that events are beyond their control