Chapter 12 Flashcards
(29 cards)
Transportation revolution
• Dramatic improvements in transportation that stimulated economic growth after 1815 by expanding the range of travel and reducing the time and cost of moving goods and people.
Gibbons v. Ogden
• Supreme Court decision of 1824 involving coastal commerce that overturned a steamboat monopoly granted by the state of New York on the grounds that only Congress had the authority to regulate interstate commerce.
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge
• Supreme Court decision of 1837 that promised economic competition by ruling that the broader rights of the community took precedence over any presumed right of monopoly granted in a corporate charter.
Putting-out system
• System or manufacturing in which merchants furnished households with raw materials for processing by family members.
Rhode Island System
• During industrialization of the 19th century, the recruitment of entire families for employment in a factory.
Waltham System
• During industrialization of the early 19th century, the recruitment of unmarried young women for employment in factories.
American System of manufacturing
• A technique of production pioneered in the US in the first half of the 19th century that relied on precision manufacturing with the use of interchangeable parts.
Temperance
• Reform movement originating in the 1820s that sought to eliminate the consumption of alcohol.
Cult of domesticity
• The belief that women, by virtue of their sex, should stay home as the moral guardians of the family life.
Nativist
• Favoring the interests and culture of native-born inhabitants over those of immigrants.
Sabbatarian movement
• Reform organization founded in 1828 by Congregationalist and Presbyterian ministers that lobbied for an end to the delivery of mail on Sundays and other Sabbath violations.
American Temperance Society
• National organization established in 1826 by evangelical Protestants that campaigned for total abstinence from alcohol and was successful in sharply lowering per capita consumption or alcohol.
American Female Moral Reform Society
• Organization founded in 1839 by female reformers that established homes of refuge for prostitutes and petitioned for state laws that would criminalize adultery and the seduction of women.
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon Church).
• Church founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith and based on the revelations in a sacred book he called the Book of Mormon.
Workingmen’s movement
• Association of urban workers who began campaigning in the 1820s for free public education and a 10-hour workday.
Shakers
• Followers of Mother Ann Lee, who preached a religion of strict celibacy and communal living.
Communism
• Social structure based on the common ownership of property.
Oneida Community
• Utopian community established in upstate New York in 1848 by John Humphrey Noyes and his followers.
New Harmony
• Short-lived utopian community established in Indiana in 1825, based on the socialist ideas of Robert Owen, a wealthy Scottish manufacturer.
Socialism
• A social order based on government ownership of industry and worker control over corporations as a way to prevent worker exploitation.
Brook Farm
• A utopian community and experimental farm established in 1841 near Boston.
Transcendentalism
• A philosophical and literary movement centered on an idealistic belief in the divinity of individuals and nature.
American Colonization Society
• Organization, founded in 1817 by antislavery reformers, that called for gradual emancipation and the removal of freed blacks to Africa.
Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World
• An abolitionist tract by a free black calling on the enslaved to overthrow their bondage.
