Chapter 12 Flashcards
Ground Ladders
1
Q
Ground Ladders are carried on…
A
All pumpers and aerial ladders
2
Q
How many FFs does it take to carry and raise into position?
A
1-6
3
Q
Besides access to upper stories and roofs, what else can ground ladders be used to reach?
A
storm drains, confined spaces, and pits
4
Q
Design, construction, and testing specifications for fire service ground ladders are contained in which NFPA?
A
1931
5
Q
NFPA 1931 require folding ladders to be able to support how many lbs?
A
300
6
Q
NFPA 1931 requires that single, roof, combination, and extension ladders must be able to support how many lbs?
A
750
7
Q
Standard on use, maintenance, and service testing our contained in which NFPA?
A
1932
8
Q
What is a beam?
A
main structural member supporting the rungs and rung blocks
9
Q
What is the bed section?
A
lowest and widest section of an extension ladder maintaining constant contact with the ground
10
Q
What is the butt?
A
bottom end of ladder placed on the ground
11
Q
What are the butt spurs?
A
metal plates/spikes, or cleats attached to the butt end of ground ladder beams
12
Q
What is the fly section?
A
upper section of extension
13
Q
What are the foot pads?
A
swivel plates attached to the butt of the ladder
14
Q
What are the guides?
A
wood, metal strips, slots, or channels guiding the fly section while being raised
15
Q
What is a halyard?
A
rope or cable used for hoisting and lowering the fly sections of an extension ladder
16
Q
What is the purpose of the heat sensor label?
A
helps indicate that the ladder has been exposed to a sufficient degree of heat
17
Q
What are the hooks?
A
curved devices near the top end of roof ladders securing the ladder to the roof
18
Q
What are the pawls? (dogs)
A
used to hold the fly section in place after it has been extended
19
Q
What are the protection plates?
A
strips of metal attached at chaffing points of the ladder
20
Q
What is the pulley?
A
grooved wheel through which the halyard is drawn on
21
Q
What are the rails?
A
two lengthwise members of a trussed ladder
22
Q
What are the rungs?
A
cross members that provide the foothold
23
Q
What are the stops?
A
wooden or metal pieces preventing the fly section from being extended too far
24
Q
What are the tie rods?
A
metal rods located beneath the rungs on a wood ladder
25
What is the tip?
very top of the ladder
26
What is the truss block?
spacers between the rails of a trussed ladder
27
What are fire service ground ladders made of?
metal, wood, or fiberglass
28
Which is the most common used ladder in the fire service?
Metal ladders
29
What is the oldest material used for fire service ground ladders?
wood
30
What are 3 advantages of metal ladders?
1. Easy to repair
2. Cheaper
3. Available in many sizes, styles, and types
31
What are 3 Disadvantages of metal ladders?
1. Conduct heat, cold, and electricity well
2. Can fail easily when exposed to 300 Degrees F
3. Can accumulate ice in winter
32
What is the newest and least common used ladder?
fiber glass
33
With accordance to NFPA 1931, what markings and labels need to be present on all fire service ground ladders?
1. ladder length
2. manufactures nameplate
3. certification label from manufacturer indicated that it meets standard
34
Why is painting a ladder not recommended?
It can hide damage
35
Are heat sensors required on all metal and fiberglass ladders?
YES
36
What are the 5 types of ladders used in the Fire service?
1. Single
2. Roof
3. Folding
4. Extension
5. Combination
37
What is the purpose of a single ladder?
used for quick access to windows and roofs on one and two story buildings
38
What are common lengths of single ladders?
12-24 feet
39
What is a roof ladder?
straight ladder with folding hooks allowing FFs to distribute their weight and prevent from slipping
40
What are common lengths of roof ladders?
12-24 feet
41
What is the purpose of a folding ladder?
often used for interior attic access
42
What are common lengths of folding ladders?
8-16 feet
| most common is 10 feet
43
What are extension ladders?
length ladder of two or more sections that can be extended to desired height to access windows and roofs
44
What are common lengths of extension ladders?
12-39 feet
45
What are combination ladders?
A ladder that can be used as a single extension or A-frame ladder, must have positive locking devices
46
What are common lengths of combination ladders?
10 feet
47
Standard for automotive fire apparatus
NFPA 1901
48
What types of ladders can be carried on pumper apparatus according to NFPA 1901?
1 single roof ladder
1 extension ladder
1 folding ladder
49
How many feet of ground ladders must an aerial apparatus carry?
115ft
50
How many feet of ground ladders must a quint fire apparatus carry?
85ft
51
How often should ground ladders be inspected according to NFPA 1932?
after each use and on a monthly basis
52
What is a bedded position?
extension ladder with the fly section fully retracted
53
If a ladder cannot be safely repaired what happens?
it is destroyed or scrapped for parts
54
How often should ladders be cleaned?
after each use
55
What is the most effective way to clean a ladder?
bristle brush and water
56
Who repairs ladders?
trained ladder technician
57
What are 4 maintenance requirements for ground ladders?
1. keep free of moisture
2. Do not put near vehicle exhausts
3. keep free of weather exposure
4. do not paint ladders
58
How far must you be from electrical wires before raising a ladder?
10 feet
59
Who tells you which ladder to use or where to place the ladder at an incident?
Incident Commander
60
What is the optimal climbing angle?
75 degrees
61
Length of ladder for the first story roof?
16-20ft
62
Length of ladder for the second story window?
20-28ft
63
Length of ladder for the second story roof?
28-35ft
64
Length of ladder for the third story window?
40-50ft
65
Length of ladder for the fourth story roof?
over 50 feet
66
How many rungs above the roof edge should you extend to?
3-5 rungs
67
Where should the ladder be placed when gaining access to a narrow window or for opening a window for ventilation?
tip of the ladder should be placed in line with the top of the window and up-wind
68
Where should the ladder be placed when performing a rescue from a window?
just below the windowsill
69
For ladder lengths of 35 feet or less, what is the reach for each ladder?
1 foot less than the designated length
| i.e. 35 foot ladder length = 34 foot max reach
70
How many FFs are needed to remove a ladder on a pumper?
1-2
71
How many FFs are needed to remove a ladder on an aerial apparatus?
3-4
72
Which apparatus are ground ladders mounted on?
pumpers, aerial apparatus, quints, and specialized apparatus
73
What is the max ladder one firefighter can carry?
24 foot ladder
74
Explain a one firefighter low shoulder carry
upper beam is rested on FF's shoulder, arm between two rungs, and butt of ladder carried forward
75
What size ladders require two FF low shoulder carries?
24, 28, 35 foot
76
What does the two FF low-shoulder carry allow for FF's?
excellent control
77
What size ladders require three FF to use a flat shoulder carry?
up to 35 feet
78
Describe a three FF flat arm length carry
fly section up, FF at each end on one side, third FF on the other side in the middle, face the butt while kneeling, grasp the beam and stand holding the ladder at arms length
79
Explain the Four FF flat shoulder carry
similar to 3 FF flat shoulder carry, but with a slight change in configuration
80
When would FF use a two FF arm length on edge carry?
With light weight ladders
81
Which end is first (tip or butt) when carrying a roof ladder?
Either, but the hooks must be closed
82
Who is responsible for the placement of the ladder at a scene?
Usually an officer, but FF frequently decide where to place the ladder
83
If there are two FFs on the butt of the ladder, who is responsible for placement?
The right FF
84
What two objectives must be met when placing a ground ladder?
1. positing ladder properly for intended use
| 2. place the butt the proper distance from the building
85
What is the desired angle of inclination for ladder placement?
75 degrees
86
What is an easy way to determine the proper distance between the butt of a ladder and the building?
Divide the working length of the ladder by 4
87
What are ladders equipped with that aligns perfectly when the ladder is properly set?
inclination marking
88
How can ladder raises be most effective?
with teamwork, smoothness, and rhythm
89
What distance away from electrical lines or equipment does OSHA require?
at least 10 feet
90
With regards to the FLY, which direction does it need to be facing when using a metal or fiberglass ladder?
FLY OUT
91
What kind of knot is used to tie a halyard?
clove hitch and an over hand safety knot
92
What is a heeler?
FF at the butt end responsible for placing the ladder at the right distance and whether or not it will be raised perpendicular or parallel to the building
93
What are the two basic ways FFs can raise a ladder?
1. Flat raise
| 2. Beam Raise
94
How many FFs does it take to raise a 35 foot ladder or bigger?
3
95
Any ladder flat raised parallel to the building requires what?
pivoting to align it with the wall it will rest on
96
What size ladder can a FF safely shift alone?
20 feet long or less
97
What are two ways FFs can secure a ladder?
1. Heeling
| 2. Tying in
98
What does tying in mean?
securely tying the ladder to a fixed object
99
What is a rope hose tool used for?
used to secure hose to ladders or other objects
100
What should you not do with your arms and hands when climbing a ladder?
should not reach above your head while climbing
101
What are two ways a FF can secure themselves to the ladder is using both hands to work?
1. Leg lock
| 2. Ladder belt
102
According to NFPA 1983, can a ladder belt be used as a life safety harness?
NO
103
How many FFs are needed to bring victims down a ground ladder?
4, 2 inside, 1-2 on the ladder, and 1 heeling the ladder
104
How should a conscious victim be lowered down the ladder?
feet first, facing the building
105
How should a unconscious victim be lowered down the ladder?
Same as a conscious victim, but the victim's body rests on the rescuers supporting knee with their legs outside of the rails
106
What do FFs need to be prepared for when assisting an unconscious victim down a ladder?
observe the victim and be prepared to respond if the victim regains conciousness
107
What may need to happen if a larger person needs rescuing?
two ground ladders placed side by side
