Chapter 12

Question 1

This type of drug reduces pain.

Answer 1

Analgesic

Question 2

This drug alters mood, perception or brain function

Answer 2

Psychoactive

Question 3

What is drug tolerance?

Answer 3

Needing more of a drug to achieve the same effects.

Question 4

What is withdrawal?

Answer 4

A specific psychological and physiological reaction to discontinuation of a substance.

Question 5

What is central to the diagnosis of a substance-use disorder?

Answer 5

Continued use of a substance despite significant distress or impairment (social/occupational problems or failure to fulfill major role obligations)

Question 6

What is an agonist drug?

Answer 6

a chemical that acts on the same receptors and acts as a substitute for the drug

Question 7

____-_____ disorders consist of intoxication, withdrawal and a series of substance-induced mental disturbances such as delirium, dementia, psychotic disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, sexual dysfunctions and sleep disorders.

Answer 7

Substance-Induced

Question 8

What three substances are the most addictive according to the chart in chapter 12?

Answer 8

Nicotine (#1), Ice/Glass - aka, smoked meth (#2) and crack (#3)

Question 9

442,000 annual deaths in the U.S are attributed to this substance.

Answer 9

Nicotine

Question 10

85,000 annual deaths in the U.S are attributed to this substance.

Answer 10

Alcohol

Question 11

What is the “Moral failure” model for understanding drug abuse?

Answer 11

“Moral failure” model of drug abuse believes that drug use is caused by “weak character” or a “lack of moral fiber.”

Question 12

What are the four stages of alcoholism?

Answer 12

Pre-alcoholic, prodromal, crucial and chronic.

Question 13

What is the prodromal phase in alcoholism?

Answer 13

Gulping of drinks, preoccupation with alcohol and occasional black-outs.

Question 14

what is the crucial phase in alcoholism?

Answer 14

Bingeing and loss of control occurs. The individual cannot stop drinking until completely intoxicated.

Question 15

A person who lives to drink and is openly intoxicated in most settings would be in the ______ phase.

Answer 15

Chronic

Question 16

Both ______ and _______ factors combine together to produce a brain that has cravings for certain drugs.

Answer 16

biological and psychological

Question 17

___% of 259 hospitalized alcoholics had a parent - usually the father - who was also an alcoholic.

Answer 17

40%

Question 18

Sons of alcoholics were __ times more likely to develop alcoholism.

Answer 18

4

Question 19

About 50% of people from ____ have a deficiency in an enzyme that breaks down alcohol, possibly causing them to respond negatively to alcohol. Coincidentally, people from this group have a lower risk for alcohol use disorder.

Answer 19

Asia

Question 20

In an animal study, heroin was more likely to be fatal if delivered in a _____ environment, even when the same dose was given.

Answer 20

different

Question 21

In Vietnam veterans, drug relapse was more likely when they were discharged into ___ _____ environment in which the addiction was established.

Answer 21

the same

Question 22

What is a standard drink?

Answer 22

12 oz. of beer; 4 oz of wine or 1.5 oz of 80 proof liquor.

Question 23

What is Cirrhosis?

Answer 23

Degenerative chronic disease in which liver cells are replaced by scar tissue.

Question 24

The filling of gaps in memory with imaginary recollections is called

Answer 24

confabulation.

Question 25

A drug that stimulates the central nervous system and produces wakefulness, alertness and the ability to concentrate is a _____.

Answer 25

stimulant

Question 26

_________ were used as the active ingredient in nasal decongestant inhalers.

Answer 26

Amphetamines

Question 27

_________ Inhibit appetite, help with weight-loss, increase alertness and can treat depression and ADHD when used appropriately. When misused, they are associated with violent and aggressive behavior.

Answer 27

Amphetamines

Question 28

What is Polyneuritis?

Answer 28

The inflammation of a large number of peripheral nerves.

Question 29

_____ syndrome is thought to result from a deficiency of vitamin B associated with an alcoholic's poor dietary habits over time.

Answer 29

Korsakoff

Question 30

______ Cause long-term injury to the brain. Intoxication produces auditory and tactile hallucinations and paranoia. Withdrawal may resemble a major depressive episode.

Answer 30

Amphetamines

Question 31

More than ___% of U.S adults use caffeine regularly.

Answer 31

80%

Question 32

Nearly one-third of north Americans have used this substance; it is the most widely used illicit drug in the US.

Answer 32

Cannabis

Question 33

_______ produce marked changes in perception.

Answer 33

Hallucinogens

Question 34

What is a narcotic?

Answer 34

An opiate drug that produces stupor and pain-relief.

Question 35

________ drugs lower central nervous system activity and produce drowsiness and sedation.

Answer 35

Depressants

Question 36

Narcotics are ______ drugs.

Answer 36

depressant

Question 37

What is an antagonist drug?

Answer 37

A chemical that blocks receptor sites for another substance.

Question 38

What is the difference between an agonist and an antagonist drug?

Answer 38

Agonists substitute, antagonists block.

Question 39

______ drugs have been widely prescribed for relief of anxiety and insomnia. These include barbiturates and benzodiazepines.

Answer 39

Sedative or tranquilizing