Chapter 12 and 13

Question 1

Brown (2010) defines feminist therapy as:

Answer 1

a postmodern, technically integrative approach that emphasizes the analysis of gender, power, and social location as strategies for facilitating change.

Question 2

What is the primary goal and focus of feminist therapy? What is the focus of this approach?

Answer 2

What is the primary goal and focus of feminist therapy? What is the focus of this approach?

• To become aware of one’s gender-role socialization process
• To identify internalized gender-role messages and replace them
• with functional beliefs
• To acquire skills to bring about change in the environment
• To develop a wide range of behaviors that are freely chosen
• To become personally empowered

Question 3

What is the major role of feminist therapy?

Answer 3

What is the major role of feminist therapy?
The major goal is to replace the current patriarchal system with feminist consciousness and thus create a society that values equality in relationships, values diversity, stresses interdependence rather than dependence, and encourages both women and men to define themselves rather than being defined by societal demands.

Question 4

Feminist therapists share a number of basic assumptions and roles:

Answer 4

Feminist therapists share a number of basic assumptions and roles:
they engage in appropriate self-disclosure; they make their values and beliefs explicit so that the therapy process is clearly understood; they establish egalitarian roles with clients; they work toward client empowerment; they emphasize the commonalities among women while honoring their diverse life experiences; and they all have an agenda to bring about social change.

Question 5

What technique shifts the client from thinking from an intrapersonal to interpersonal view in terms of the issue?

Answer 5

What technique shifts the client from thinking from an intrapersonal to interpersonal view in terms of the issue?
Cultural feminism.

Question 6

Deterministic

Answer 6

Deterministic Assumes that personality patterns and behavior are fixed at an early stage of
development.

Question 7

Egalitarian relationship

Answer 7

Egalitarian relationship Power should be balanced in a relationship. In feminist therapy the
voices of the oppressed are acknowledged as authoritative and valuable sources of knowledge.

Question 8

Ethnocentrism

Answer 8

Ethnocentrism The idea that one’s own cultural group is superior to others and that other
groups should be judged based on one’s own
standards.

Question 9

Flexible

Answer 9

Flexible–multicultural perspective Uses concepts and strategies that apply equally to individuals and groups regardless of age, race, culture,
gender, ability, class, or sexual orientation.

Question 10

Gendercentric

Answer 10

Gendercentric Believing that there are two separate paths of development for women and men.

Question 11

Gender-fair approaches

Answer 11

Gender-fair approaches Explain differences
in the behavior of women and men in terms of
socialization processes rather than on the basis
of our “innate” natures, thus avoiding stereotypes in social roles and interpersonal behavior.

Question 12

Gender-neutral theory

Answer 12

Gender-neutral theory Explains differences
in the behavior of women and men in terms of
socialization processes rather than viewing gender differences as fixed in nature.

Question 13

Gender-role analysis

Answer 13

Gender-role analysis Used to help clients understand the impact of gender-role expectations
in their lives. Some feminist therapists prefer to
use the term “social identity analysis” rather than
gender-role analysis, to reflect the importance of
assessing all relevant aspects of a client’s identity.

Question 14

Gender-role intervention

Answer 14

Gender-role intervention Provides clients
with insight into the ways social issues affect
their problems.

Question 15

Gender schema

Answer 15

Gender schema An organized set of mental associations people use to interpret their perceptions about gender.

Question 16

Global/international feminism

Answer 16

Global/international feminism This approach takes a worldwide perspective and seeks
to understand the ways in which racism, sexism,
economics, and classism affect women in different countries.

Question 17

Heterosexist

Answer 17

Heterosexist Views a heterosexual orientation
as normative and desirable and devalues samesex relationships.
Interactionist Concepts specific to the thinking, feeling, and behaving dimensions of human
experience that account for contextual and environmental factors.

Question 18

Intrapsychic orientation

Answer 18

Intrapsychic orientation Attributing behavior

to internal causes, which often results in blaming the victim and ignoring sociocultural and political factors.

Question 19

Lesbian feminists

Answer 19

Lesbian feminists This group of feminists

views women’s oppression as related to heterosexism and sexualized images of women.

Question 20

Liberal feminists

Answer 20

Liberal feminists These feminists focus on
helping individual women overcome the limits
and constraints of traditional gender-role socialization patterns; they argue for a transformation
from accepting traditional gender roles to creating equal opportunities for both women and men.

Question 21

Life-span perspective development

Answer 21

Life-span perspective development
Assumes that human
development is a lifelong process and that personality patterns and behavioral changes can
occur at any time.

Question 22

Postmodern feminists

Answer 22

Postmodern feminists This group of feminists
provides a model for critiquing other traditional
and feminist approaches, addressing the issue of
what constitutes reality and proposing multiple
truths as opposed to a single truth.

Question 23

Power analysis

Answer 23

Power analysis Emphasis is on the power
difference between men and women in society.
Clients are helped to recognize different kinds
of power they possess and how they and others
exercise power.

Question 24

Radical feminists

Answer 24

Radical feminists This group of feminists focuses on the oppression of women that is embedded in patriarchy and seek to change society
through activism and equalizing power.

Question 25

Reframing

Answer 25

Reframing A technique whereby the counselor changes the frame of reference for looking at an individual’s behavior. There is a shift from an intrapersonal (or “blaming the victim”) stance to a consideration of social factors in the environment that contribute to a client’s problem.

Question 26

Relabeling

Answer 26

Relabeling An intervention that changes the label or evaluation applied to the client’s behavioral characteristics. Generally, the focus is shifted from a negative to a positive evaluation

Question 27

Relational-cultural theory

Answer 27

Relational-cultural theory A perspective suggesting that a woman’s sense of identity and selfconcept develop in the context of relationships.

Question 28

Self-in-relation

Answer 28

Self-in-relation The idea that a woman’s sense of self depends largely on how she connects with others.

Question 29

Social action

Answer 29

Social action Participating in some activity outside of the therapy office (such as some kind of volunteer work in the community) that is likely to empower clients by helping them see the link between their personal experiences and the social context in which they live.

Question 30

Socialist feminist

Answer 30

Socialist feminists These feminists aim to transform social relationships and institutions. They focus on multiple oppressions and believe solutions to society’s problems must include considerations of class, race, sexual orientation, economics, nationality, and history.

Question 31

White Privledge

Answer 31

An invisible package of unearned assets White people enjoy that are not extended to people of color.

Question 32

Women of color feminist

Answer 32

This group of feminists believes it is essential that feminist theory be broadened and made more inclusive by addressing multiple oppressions, taking into consideration privilege and power, and emphasizing activism.`

Question 33

Alternative story

Answer 33

Alternative story The story that develops in counseling in contradiction to the dominant story that is embedded in a client’s problem.

Question 34

Co-authoring The process by which both therapist and client share responsibility for the development of alternative stories.

Answer 34

Co-authoring The process by which both therapist and client share responsibility for the development of alternative stories.

Question 35

Deconstruction`

Answer 35

Deconstruction The exploration of meaning by taking apart, or unpacking, the taken-forgranted categories and assumptions underlying social practices that pose as truth.

Question 36

Dominate story

Answer 36

A way of understanding a situation that has been so widely accepted within a culture that it appears to represent “reality.” Growing out of conversations in a social and cultural context, dominant stories shape reality in that they construct and constitute what people see, feel, and do.

Question 37

Exception questions

Answer 37

Exception questions Solution-focused therapists inquire about those times in clients’ lives when the problems they identify have not been problematic. Exploring these exceptions reminds clients that problems are not all-powerful and have not existed forever.

Question 38

Exceptions Past experiences \

Answer 38

Exceptions Past experiences in a client’s life when it would be reasonable to have expected the problem to occur, but somehow it did not.

Question 39

Externalizing conversation

Answer 39

Externalizing conversation A way of speaking in which the problem may be spoken of as if it is a distinct entity that is separate from the person.

Question 40

Formula first session task

Answer 40

Formula first session task A form of homework a therapist might give clients to complete between their first and second therapy sessions. Clients are asked to simply observe what is happening in their lives that they want to continue happening.

Question 41

Mapping-the-influence questions

Answer 41

Mapping-the-influence questions A series of questions asked about a problem that a client has internalized as a means of understanding the relationship between the person and the problem.

Question 42

Miracle question

Answer 42

A solution-focused technique that asks clients to imagine how their life would be different if they woke up tomorrow and they no longer had their problem.

Question 43

Narrative

Answer 43

A social constructionist conceptualization of how people create “storied” meaning in their lives.

Question 44

Narrative Therapy

Answer 44

Narrative therapy A postmodern approach to therapy that is based on the therapist’s personal characteristics that allow for creating a climate that encourages clients to see their stories from different perspectives. Grounded in a philosophical framework, narrative practices assist clients in finding new meanings and new possibilities in their lives.

Question 45

Not knowing position

Answer 45

Not-knowing position A therapist’s stance that invites clients to become the experts who are informing the therapist about the significant narratives of their lives.

Question 46

Positive psychology

Answer 46

Positive psychology An approach that concentrates on what is right and what is working for people rather than dwelling on deficits, weaknesses, and problems

Question 47

Postmodernism

Answer 47

Postmodernism A philosophical movement across a variety of disciples that has aimed at critically examining many of the assumptions that are part of the established truths of society. The postmodern worldview acknowledges the complexity, relativity, and intersubjectivity of all human experience.

Question 48

Post modernist

Answer 48

Postmodernist A believer in subjective realities that cannot exist independently of the observational processes used. Problems exist when people agree that there is a problem that needs to be addressed.

Question 49

Pretherapy

Answer 49

Pretherapy change At the first therapy session, solution-focused therapists often inquire about presession improvements, or anything clients have done since scheduling the appointment that has made a difference in their problems.

Question 50

Problem saturated story

Answer 50

Problem-saturated story People often come to therapy feeling overwhelmed by their problems to which they are fused. Narrative therapists assist clients in understanding that they do not have to be reduced by these totalizing descriptions of their identity.

Question 51

Reauthoring

Answer 51

Re-authoring A process in narrative therapy in | which client and therapist jointly create an alternative life story.

Question 52

Scaling questions

Answer 52

Scaling questions A solution-focused technique that asks clients to observe changes in feelings, moods, thoughts, and behaviors. On a scale of zero to 10, clients are asked to rate some change in their experiences.

Question 53

Social constructionism

Answer 53

Social constructionism A therapeutic perspective within a postmodern worldview that stresses the client’s reality without disputing the accuracy or validity of this reality. Social constructionism emphasizes the ways in which people make meaning in social relationships.

Question 54

Solution focused brief therapy

Answer 54

Solution-focused brief therapy A postmodern approach to therapy that provides a context whereby individuals focus on recovering and creating solutions rather than talking about their problems.

Question 55

Totalizing descriptions

Answer 55

Totalizing descriptions A categorical description of people that constricts them to a single dimension that purports to capture their identity.

Question 56

Unique outcome

Answer 56

Unique outcome Aspects of lived experience that lie outside the realm of dominant stories or in contradiction to the problem-saturated story.

Question 57

Feminist therapy is based on six interrelated principles

Answer 57

Feminist therapy is based on six interrelated principles The personal is political, commitment to social change, women’s and girls voices ans ways of knowing are valued and their experiences are honored, the counseling relationship is egalitarian, a focus on strengths and a reformulated definition of psychological distress, all types of oppression are recognized

Question 58

Six goals for feminist therapy

Answer 58

Six goals for feminist therapy Equality, balancing independence and interdependence, self-nurturance, empowerment, social change, and valuing and affirming diversity.

Question 59

Contribution of feminist therapy:

Answer 59

Contribution of feminist therapy: Increasing awareness of one’s attitudes and biases pertaining to gender and culture, regardless of one’s theoretical orientation.

Question 60

Limitations of feminist therapy:

Answer 60

``` Limitations of feminist therapy: Therapist may impose their values on clients. Therapy was developed by White, middle-class heterosexual women and that its underlying assumptions are biased to this narrow viewpoint. ```

Question 61

What is Solution-focused brief therapy?

Answer 61

What is Solution-focused brief therapy? It is a future-focused, goal-oriented therapeutic approach to brief therapy that shifts the focus from problem solving to an emphasis on solutions.

Question 62

What does SFBT emphasize? a. Focuses on searching for times when clients were strong or resourceful and on helping clients separate from the dominant cultural narratives they have internalized so as to open space for the creation of alternative life stories. b. Peoples strengths and resiliencies by focusing on exceptions to their problems and their conceptualized solutions. c. the process of finding evidence to bolster a new view of the person as competent enough to have stood up to or defeated the dominance or oppression.

Answer 62

B

Question 63

What is the focus of narrative therapy?

Answer 63

What is the focus of narrative therapy? Searching for times when clients were strong or resourceful and on helping clients separate from the dominant cultural narratives they have internalized so as to open space for the creation of alternative life stories.

Question 64

Post-Modern viewpoint of social constructions:

Answer 64

Post-Modern viewpoint of social constructions: | The stories that people tell are about the creation of meaning.

Question 65

Both solution focused therapy and narrative therapy are based on: a. focusing on keeping therapy simple and brief. b. aspects of lived experience that lie outside the realm of dominant stories or in contradiction to the problem-saturated story. c. optimistic assumption that people are healthy, competent, resourceful, and possess the about to construct solutions and alternative stories that can enhance their lives.

Answer 65

c

Question 66

Key concepts of solution-focused brief therapy include:

Answer 66

Key concepts of solution-focused brief therapy include: Am movement from problem-talk to solution-talk and focus on keeping therapy simple and brief. There are exceptions to every problem. Attention is paid to what is working.

Question 67

Key concepts of narrative therapy include:

Answer 67

Key concepts of narrative therapy include: | Discussion of how a problem has been disruption, domination, or discouraging the person.

Question 68

The solution-focused model emphasizes:

Answer 68

The solution-focused model emphasizes: | The role of clients stabling their own goals and preferences.

Question 69

The general theme of narrative therapy is:

Answer 69

The general theme of narrative therapy is: | To invite clients to describe their experience in fresh language, which tends to open up new vistas of what is possible.

Question 70

Therapeutic relationship that solution focused and narrative therapists adopt what kind of position:

Answer 70

Therapeutic relationship that solution focused and narrative therapists adopt: Not-knowing position

Question 71

What does the solution-focused approach represents:

Answer 71

What does the solution-focused approach represents: | Prespective from most of the traditional therapy models with respect to thinking about and doing brief therapy.

Question 72

Exception question

Answer 72

Exception questions: Direct clients to those times in their lives when their problems did not exist.

Question 73

Summary feed back

Answer 73

involves the therapist pointing out particular strengths that clients have demonstrated.

Question 74

What is narrative therapys most distinctive feature?

Answer 74

What is narrative therapys most distinctive feature? “The person is not the problem, but the problem is the problem?

Question 75

Limitations of solution-focused and narrative therapies:

Answer 75

Limitations of solution-focused and narrative therapies: Lack of skill on the part of the therapist when implementing techniques.

Question 76

A major strength of both solution-focused and narrative therapies is the use of questioning, which is the centerpiece of both approaches. Open-ended questions about the client’s attitudes, thoughts, feeling, behaviors, and perceptions are one of the main interventions.

Answer 76

A major strength of both solution-focused and narrative therapies is the use of questioning, which is the centerpiece of both approaches. Open-ended questions about the client’s attitudes, thoughts, feeling, behaviors, and perceptions are one of the main interventions.

Question 77

What did SFBT start out as? (what kind of therapy)

Answer 77

SFBT started as a family therapy

Question 78

``` 25. Which of the following statements about feminist therapy is not true? a. Therapy is relatively short term. b. The model underlying practice tends to be static. c. A goal is to replace the current patriarchal system with feminist consciousness. d. Women are encouraged to define themselves rather than being defined by societal demands. e. Feminist therapy differs from traditional therapy in a number of ways. ```

Answer 78

B

Question 79

``` 24. What perspective calls for feminist theory to include an analysis of multiple identities and their relationship to oppression? a. postmodern feminism b. lesbian feminism c. radical feminism d. cultural feminism e. liberal feminism ```

Answer 79

b

Question 80

22. Part of the feminist critique of assessment and diagnosis is that these procedures a. are often based on sexist assumptions. b. minimize the effect of environmental factors that influence behavior. c. provide different treatments to women and men who display similar symptoms. d. tend to reinforce gender-role stereotypes and encourage adjustment to the status quo. e. do all of the above.

Answer 80

e

Question 81

21. Feminist therapists use self-disclosure to a. equalize the client–therapist relationship. b. normalize women’s collective experiences. c. empower clients. d. establish informed consent. e. all of the above

Answer 81

e

Question 82

``` 20. This approach to feminism focuses on multiple oppressions and has the goal of transforming social relationships and institutions. a. liberal feminism b. cultural feminism c. radical feminism d. social feminism ```

Answer 82

d

Question 83

``` 18. The feminist philosophy that emphasizes the differences between women and men and views the goal of therapy as being the infusion of cooperative values in society is a. liberal feminism. b. cultural feminism. c. postmodern feminism. d. social feminism. ```

Answer 83

b

Question 84

13. All of the following are ways feminist therapy differs from traditional therapy except for a. viewing problems in a sociopolitical and cultural context. b. demystifying the therapeutic process. c. accepting the premise that diagnosis is a basic prerequisite for effective treatment. d. creating a therapeutic relationship that is egalitarian. e. recognizing that clients know what is best for their life and are experts in their own life.

Answer 84

c

Question 85

``` 12. All of the following are considered aspects of the “third wave” of feminist perspectives except for a. postmodern feminism. b. women of color feminism. c. lesbian feminism. d. cultural feminism. e. global/international feminism. ```

Answer 85

d