Chapter 12 and 13 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 12 and 13 Deck (46)
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1
Q

public speaking

A

includes a speaker who has a reason for speaking and an audience that gives the speaker attention, and a message that is meant to accomplish a specific purpose

2
Q

persuasive speeches

A

intended to influence the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of your audience ( could reafirm existing attitudes, beliefs and behaviors)

3
Q

informative speeches

A

aim to increase your audiences understanding or knowledge by presenting new, relevant, and useful information
could explain process, plan, describe objects or places, or characterize a particular state of affairs.

4
Q

special occasion speeches

A

use the principles of both informative and persuasive speaking for special occasions, such as introducing a speaker, accepting an honor or award, presenting an memorial , or celebrating an achievement

5
Q

audience analysis

A

highly systematic process of getting to know your listeners relative to the topic and speech occasion- critical step in speech process

6
Q

demographics

A

the systematic study of the quantifiable characteristics of a large group

7
Q

adapting to your audience

A
  • consider audience motivation
  • seek common ground
  • determine prior exposure
  • consider disposition
    • observe people
  • -get to know people
  • -survey and interview your audience
  • -use the web
8
Q

brainstorming

A

amassing information, thinking creatively, and consider problems and solutions related to your topic

9
Q

clustering

A

technique for identifying potential speech topics

start with a core idea, from which the writer branches out into a web of related ideas

10
Q

specific purpose statement

A

express both the topic and the general speech purpose in action form and in terms of the specific objectives you hope to achieve with your presentation

11
Q

thesis statement

A

a statement that conveys the central idea or core assumption about your topic- must clearly summarize what you want your audience to get out of the the speech

12
Q

expert testimony

A

the opinion or judgement of an expert, a professional in his or her field

13
Q

lay testimony

A

the opinion of a nonexpert who has personal experience or witnessed an event related to your topic

14
Q

scientific research findings

A

carry a lot of weight with audiences, particularly if your topic is related to medicine, health, media, or the environment

15
Q

anecdotes

A

brief, personal stories that have a point or punch line

16
Q

quotations

A

repeating the exact words of another person, are usually most effective when they are brief

17
Q

networking

A

making connections with people you don’t know through people you know

18
Q

surveys

A

involve soliciting answers to a question or series of questions related to your topic from a broad range of individuals

19
Q

library gate way

A

collections of databases and information sites arranged by subject, generally reviewed and recommended by experts

20
Q

directory

A

secondary resource, creaed and maintainedb y people rather than computers, will guide you to the main page of a web side organized within a wider subject category

21
Q

meta search engine

A

a search engine that scans multiple search engines simultaneously

22
Q

credibility

A

the quality, authority, and reliability of the source you use

23
Q

plagiarism

A

the crime of presenting someones else’s words, ideas, or intellectual property as your own, intentionally or unitentionally

24
Q

running bibliography

A

a list of resources you’ve been consulted

25
Q

basic rules for ethical speaking require:

A

trustworthiness- be honest
respect- treating people right
responsible- consider the topic and purpose of the speech
fair- present alternative and opposing views to the audience

26
Q

main points

A

the central claims that support your specific speech purpose and your thesis statement

27
Q

subpoints

A

provide support for the main points

28
Q

chronological pattern

A

presents the main points in a message forward( or backward) in a systematic, time-related fashion

29
Q

topical pattern

A

based on organization into categories such as persons, places, things, or processes.

30
Q

spatial pattern

A

arranges main points into terms of their physical proximity to or position in relation to each other

31
Q

problem- solution pattern

A

dramatizing an obstacle and then narrowing alternative remedies down to the one that you recommend

32
Q

cause- effect pattern

A

you attempt to organize the message around the cause-to-effect or the effect-to-the cause relationships

33
Q

narrative pattern

A

tie in points together in a wa that presents a vivid story, complete with characters, settings, plot, and imagery

34
Q

motivated sequence pattern

A

created more than seventy years ago by the noted public speaking scholar Alan Monroe

1) attention- the speaker gains the interst of the audience
2) Need- the speaker addresses an unmet need apparent to the audience
3) satisfaction- the speaker proposes a solution that satisfies the need
4) visualization- the speaker illustrates how the solution meets the need
5) action- the speaker demonstrates how the solution may be implemented

35
Q

transitions

A

sentences that connect different points, thoughts, and details in a way that allows them to flow naturally form one to the next

36
Q

signposts

A

key words or phrases within sentences that signify transitions between points

37
Q

internal previews

A

prime the audience for the content immediately ahead

38
Q

internal summaries

A

summarize what was just said

39
Q

use language that works

A

respect audience
keep it simple
use vivid language
incorporate repetition, allusion, and comparisons

40
Q

sentence outline

A

offers the full text of your speech

41
Q

phrase outline

A

takes parts of sentences and uses those phrases as instant reminders of what the point or subpoint means

42
Q

key word outline

A

briefest possible outline

43
Q

preparation outline

A

draft that you will use and probably revisit an devise continually throughout the prep of your speech

44
Q

speaking outline

A

delivery outline, outline used during speech

45
Q

delivery cues

A

brief reminders about important information related to the delievery of your speech that are for your eyes only

46
Q

oral citations

A

the references to a source materials that you mention in the narrative of your speech