Chapter 12: Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Drugs

Question 1

What does Selectively toxic mean?

Answer 1

Drugs should kill or inhibit microbial cells without damaging host tissues

Question 2

Narrow-spectrum

Answer 2

Effective on a small range of microbes and targets specific cell component found only in certain microbes

Question 3

Broad-spectrum

Answer 3

Greatest range of activity and targets cell components common to most pathogens (ribosomes)

Question 4

Which antimicrobial drugs blocks the synthesis of peptidoglycan?

Answer 4

Penicillin & cephalosporins

Question 5

What is selectively toxic?

Answer 5

Drugs should only kill or inhibit microbial cells without simultaneously damaging the host

Question 6

_____ are common metabolic products of aerobic bacteria and fungi

Answer 6

antibiotics

Question 7

What type of spectrum is effective on a small range of microbes?

Answer 7

Narrow-spectrum

Question 8

Which spectrum has the greatest range of activity?

Answer 8

Broad-spectrum

Question 9

Narrow-spectrum targets?

Answer 9

specific cell component that is found only on certain microbes (Gram + or -)

Question 10

Broad-spectrum targets?

Answer 10

Components common to most pathogens (ribosomes)

** can affect host cell

Question 11

Which Beta-lactam drug affect the bacterial cell wall?

Answer 11

Penicillin & Cephalosporins

Question 12

What drugs block the synthesis of peptidoglycan, causing the cell wall to lyse

Answer 12

Penicillin & Cephalosporins

Question 13

What are the non-beta lactam cell wall inhibitors?

Answer 13

Vancomycin & Bacitracin

Question 14

Vancomycin (Narrow-spectrum) are most effective against?

Answer 14

staphylococcal infections

Question 15

Bacitracin (Narrow-spectrum) is taken from?

Answer 15

a strain of Bacillus subtilis; used topically in ointment

Question 16

Drugs that disrupt the cell membrane function?

Answer 16

Polymyxins & Amphotericin B & nystatin

Question 17

Polymyxins interact with?

Answer 17

phospholipids and cause leakage, particularly in gram (-)

Question 18

Amphotericin B & nystatin form?

Answer 18

complexes with steroids on fungal membrane

Question 19

Drugs that block protein synthesis

Answer 19

Aminoglycosides & Tetracyclines

Question 20

Aminoglycosides cause?

Answer 20

misreading of mRNA

Question 21

Tetracyclines block?

Answer 21

attachment of tRNA on the A acceptor site and stop further protein synthesis.

Question 22

Tetracyclines antibiotics are used to treat?

Answer 22

STDs, Rocky mountain spotted fever, lyme disase, typhys, acne, and protozoa.

Question 23

Drugs that affect metabolic pathways

Answer 23

Sulfonamides & trimethropim

Question 24

Sulfonamides and Trimethropim block the synthesis of?

Answer 24

folic acid

Question 25

Drugs can affect metabolic pathways by?

Answer 25

competitive inhibitors and synergistic affects

Question 26

Drugs that affect nucleic acid synthesis may block synthesis of?

Answer 26

nucleotides, inhibit replication, or stop transcription

Question 27

What drugs affect nucleic acid synthesis?

Answer 27

Chloroquine & Quinolones

Question 28

Chloroquines does what?

Answer 28

binds and cross-links the double helix to treat MALARIA infections

Question 29

Quinolones

Answer 29

inhibit DNA helicase

Question 30

Nucleotide analogs

Answer 30

block replication, transcription, or translation of viral genetic material

Question 31

Drugs that act as a protease inhibitors are seen in?

Answer 31

HIV and Flu

Question 32

Drugs that treat influenza

Answer 32

Amantadine, rimantidine Relenza and tamiflu

Question 33

Amantadine and Rimantidine do what?

Answer 33

prevent the fusion of virus with cell membrane in only influenza A

Question 34

Relenza & tamiflu do what?

Answer 34

blocks Neuraminidase in influenza A & B

Question 35

What drugs are nucleotide analogs?

Answer 35

Acyclovir - Herpes Ribavin - guanine analog - hemorrhagic fevers AZT- thyamine analong- HIV

Question 36

Acyclovir terminates?

Answer 36

DNA replication in herpesviruses

Question 37

Azidothymidine is a drug used to treat?

Answer 37

HIV

Question 38

Most effective drug against gram + respiratory tract infections?

Answer 38

Ketolides

Question 39

Used to treat respiratory infections, skin and blood

Answer 39

Oxazolidinones

Question 40

Newly developed classes of antimicrobials are?

Answer 40

Ketolides and oxazolidinones (Linezolid)