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Microbiology > Chapter 12: Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Drugs > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What does Selectively toxic mean?

A

Drugs should kill or inhibit microbial cells without damaging host tissues

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2
Q

Narrow-spectrum

A

Effective on a small range of microbes and targets specific cell component found only in certain microbes

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3
Q

Broad-spectrum

A

Greatest range of activity and targets cell components common to most pathogens (ribosomes)

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4
Q

Which antimicrobial drugs blocks the synthesis of peptidoglycan?

A

Penicillin & cephalosporins

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5
Q

What is selectively toxic?

A

Drugs should only kill or inhibit microbial cells without simultaneously damaging the host

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6
Q

_____ are common metabolic products of aerobic bacteria and fungi

A

antibiotics

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7
Q

What type of spectrum is effective on a small range of microbes?

A

Narrow-spectrum

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8
Q

Which spectrum has the greatest range of activity?

A

Broad-spectrum

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9
Q

Narrow-spectrum targets?

A

specific cell component that is found only on certain microbes (Gram + or -)

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10
Q

Broad-spectrum targets?

A

Components common to most pathogens (ribosomes)

** can affect host cell

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11
Q

Which Beta-lactam drug affect the bacterial cell wall?

A

Penicillin & Cephalosporins

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12
Q

What drugs block the synthesis of peptidoglycan, causing the cell wall to lyse

A

Penicillin & Cephalosporins

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13
Q

What are the non-beta lactam cell wall inhibitors?

A

Vancomycin & Bacitracin

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14
Q

Vancomycin (Narrow-spectrum) are most effective against?

A

staphylococcal infections

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15
Q

Bacitracin (Narrow-spectrum) is taken from?

A

a strain of Bacillus subtilis; used topically in ointment

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16
Q

Drugs that disrupt the cell membrane function?

A

Polymyxins & Amphotericin B & nystatin

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17
Q

Polymyxins interact with?

A

phospholipids and cause leakage, particularly in gram (-)

18
Q

Amphotericin B & nystatin form?

A

complexes with steroids on fungal membrane

19
Q

Drugs that block protein synthesis

A

Aminoglycosides & Tetracyclines

20
Q

Aminoglycosides cause?

A

misreading of mRNA

21
Q

Tetracyclines block?

A

attachment of tRNA on the A acceptor site and stop further protein synthesis.

22
Q

Tetracyclines antibiotics are used to treat?

A

STDs, Rocky mountain spotted fever, lyme disase, typhys, acne, and protozoa.

23
Q

Drugs that affect metabolic pathways

A

Sulfonamides & trimethropim

24
Q

Sulfonamides and Trimethropim block the synthesis of?

A

folic acid

25
Q

Drugs can affect metabolic pathways by?

A

competitive inhibitors and synergistic affects

26
Q

Drugs that affect nucleic acid synthesis may block synthesis of?

A

nucleotides, inhibit replication, or stop transcription

27
Q

What drugs affect nucleic acid synthesis?

A

Chloroquine & Quinolones

28
Q

Chloroquines does what?

A

binds and cross-links the double helix to treat MALARIA infections

29
Q

Quinolones

A

inhibit DNA helicase

30
Q

Nucleotide analogs

A

block replication, transcription, or translation of viral genetic material

31
Q

Drugs that act as a protease inhibitors are seen in?

A

HIV and Flu

32
Q

Drugs that treat influenza

A

Amantadine, rimantidine

Relenza and tamiflu

33
Q

Amantadine and Rimantidine do what?

A

prevent the fusion of virus with cell membrane in only influenza A

34
Q

Relenza & tamiflu do what?

A

blocks Neuraminidase in influenza A & B

35
Q

What drugs are nucleotide analogs?

A

Acyclovir - Herpes
Ribavin - guanine analog - hemorrhagic fevers
AZT- thyamine analong- HIV

36
Q

Acyclovir terminates?

A

DNA replication in herpesviruses

37
Q

Azidothymidine is a drug used to treat?

A

HIV

38
Q

Most effective drug against gram + respiratory tract infections?

A

Ketolides

39
Q

Used to treat respiratory infections, skin and blood

A

Oxazolidinones

40
Q

Newly developed classes of antimicrobials are?

A

Ketolides and oxazolidinones (Linezolid)

Microbiology (4 decks)

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