Chapter 12: Attatchement

Question 1

asocial phase (of attachment)

Answer 1

approximately the first 6 weeks of life, in which infants respond in an equally favourable way to interesting social and nonsocial stimuli.

Question 2

phase of indiscriminate attachments

Answer 2

period between 6 weeks and 6 to
7 months of age in which infants prefer social to nonsocial stimulation

Question 3

phase of specific attachment

Answer 3

period between 7 and 9 months of age when infants are attached to one close companion (usually the mother).

Question 4

secure base

Answer 4

use of a caregiver as a base from which to explore the environment and to which to return for emotional support.

Question 5

phase of multiple attachments

Answer 5

period when infants are forming attachments to companions other than their primary attachment object

Question 6

secondary reinforcer

Answer 6

an initially neutral stimulus that acquires reinforcement value by virtue of its repeated association with other reinforcing stimuli.

Question 7

imprinting

Answer 7

an innate or instinctual form of learning in which the young of certain species follow and become attached to moving objects (usually their mothers).

Question 8

preadapted characteristic

Answer 8

an attribute that is a product of evolution and serves some function that increases the chances of survival for the individual and the species.

Question 9

Attachment Q-set (AQS)

Answer 9

alternative method of assessing attachment security that is based on observations of the child’s attachment-related behaviours at home; can be used with infants, toddlers, and preschool children.

Question 10

amae

Answer 10

Japanese concept; refers to an infant’s feeling of total dependence on his or her mother and the presumption of mother’s love and indulgence.

Question 11

caregiving hypothesis

Answer 11

Ainsworth’s notion that the type of attachment that an infant develops with a particular caregiver depends primarily on the kind of caregiving he or she has received from that person

Question 12

temperament hypothesis

Answer 12

Kagan’s view that the strange situation measures individual differences in infants’ temperaments rather than the quality of their attachments.

Question 13

internal working models cognitive

Answer 13

representations of self, others, and relationships that infants construct from their interactions with caregivers.