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ap gov > Chapter 12: Congress > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Congress Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

agency review

A

part of the committee or subcommittee process of considering a bill, wherein committee members ask executive agencies that would administer the law for written comments on the measure

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2
Q

agenda setting

A

the determination by congress of which public issues the government should consider for legislation

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3
Q

attentive public

A

the segment of voters who pay careful attention to political issues

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4
Q

Baker v. Carr

A

This 1962 Supreme Court case established the right of federal courts to review issues concerning redistricting within states, which had previously been viewed as “political questions” outside the courts’ jurisdiction. This landmark case addressing reapportionment and redistricting established the standard of “one person, one vote” which informs our modern ideal of representation.

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5
Q

bill

A

proposed piece of legislation

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6
Q

casework

A

personal work by a member of congress on behalf of a constituent or group of, typically aimed at getting the gov to do something the constituent wants done

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7
Q

cloture

A

procedural move to end a filibuster → supermajority of 60 senators

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8
Q

conference committee

A

bicameral, bipartisan committee composed of legislators whose job is to reconcile two versions of a bill

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9
Q

discharge petition

A

a special tactic used to extract a bill from a committee to have it considered by the entire house

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10
Q

earmark

A

a designation within a spending bill that provides for a SPECIFIC expenditure

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11
Q

filibuster

A

a procedural move by a senator to attempt to halt the passage of a bill → senator can speak for an unlimited amount of time with no restrictions

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12
Q

franking

A

the privilege of sending mail free of charge by members of congress

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13
Q

gerrymandering

A

redrawing legislative districts to benefit an incumbent, political party, or other group

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14
Q

hearings

A

sessions held by committees to gather information and news from experts

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15
Q

hopper

A

wooden box where house reps can place bills for introduction

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16
Q

house majority leader

A

leader of the majority party: helps speaker develop and implement strategy & works with other members of house

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17
Q

house minority leader

A

leader of the minority party who helps speaker develop and implement strategy & works with other members of house

but without the power of holding the majority

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18
Q

instructed delegate model

A

representatives should vote in line with constituent views

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19
Q

joint committee

A

bicameral committee composed of members from both chambers of congress

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20
Q

joint referral

A

the practice where a bill could be referred to two different committees for consideration

ABOLISHED IN 104TH CONGRESS

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21
Q

lead committee

A

the primary committee considering a bill

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22
Q

logrolling

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A

the agreement of voting for one bill in exchange for their colleagues vote on another

23
Q

majority whip

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A

the go-between with the majority leadership & party in house

24
Q

majority-minority district

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A

district where majority of the population is a minority

25
markup
legislative committees "mark up" a bill with suggestions, changes, and amendments
26
minority whip
the go-between with minority leadership
27
nuclear option
maneuver exercised by the presiding officer in the senate that eliminates the possibility of filibusters by subjecting votes on certain matters to a simple majority
28
ombudsperson
elected/appointed leader acts as an advocate for citizens by listening to and investigating complaints against a gov agency
29
oversight
legislative branch "checks" on the executive branch to ensure laws passed y congress are being administered properly - congressional hearings, confirmation hearings, investigations, budgetary appropriations
30
pocket veto
at conclusion of the legislative session where the president waits 10 days without signing the bill → he has effectively sza'd (kill bill) (the bill dies)
31
pork barrel
legislators' appropriations of funds for SPECIAL projects locate within their congressional districts
32
president pro tempore
PRESIDENT PRO TEM theoretically the chair of senate in VP absence senator of maj party having the longest record of continuous service being elected to the position
33
reapportionment
reallocation of seats in the house based on changes in population... which is based on the census
34
redistricting
redrawing congressional districts... based on reapportionment
35
report
a legislative committee's explanation to the full chamber of a bill & its intent
35
report
a legislative committee's explanation to the full chamber of a bill & its intent
36
rules committee
decides the length of debate and scope of amendments that will be allowed on a bill ROBERTS RULES ??????
37
select committee
considers SPECIFIC policy issues/ addresses a SPECIFIC concern
38
senate majority leader
most powerful position in the senate 💪 - manage the legislative process & schedules debate on legislation
39
senate minority leader
the leader of the minority party; woks with maj leader in negotiating legislation
40
seniority system
member with longest continuous tenure on a standing committee is given preference when choosing chair 👴 &🧍= 🪑
41
shaw v. reno
1993 → redistricting on basis of race must be held under strict scrutiny under 14th
42
speaker of the house
leader of house, elected by majority party
43
standing committee 🧍
permanent committee with defined legislative jurisdiction
44
subcommittee
handles specific areas of a standing committees jurisdiction
45
trustee model 🤝
member of congress goes with their OWN CONSCIENCE when deciding issue positions
46
unanimous consent
agreement by every senator to terms of debate on a given piece of legislation
47
SENATE
- 100 (2 per state equal representation) - staggered reelection in 3s → new senate every 6 yrs - treaties, confirm nominees - less diverse - VIP: committee chairs & VP
48
HOUSE 🏠
- 435 (by pop) - reelection every 2 yrs - taxation (without representation !) - VIP: speaker, committee chairs
49
California senators
Dianne Feinstein Alex Padilla
50
17th
direct election of senators
51
incumbent advantage
name recognition media coverage redistricting reputation franking
52
powers of congress
ARTICLE 1 - limit president power tax, spend, tariffs, borrowing money POWER OF THE PURSE NECESSARY & PROPER immigration, healthcare, terrorism
53
legislative process
CONGRESS introduces bill → hopper → committee review → debate & 🐟? → president ( veto → congress ❌ → pass anyways with majority vote)

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