Chapter 12 EXAM 3

Question 1

Which “prime” carbon is the nitrogenous base bound to in a nucleotide?

Answer 1

1

Question 2

________ is to transcription as ________ are to translation.

Answer 2

RNA polymerase; ribosomes

Question 3

The critical function of the sodium-potassium pump of neurons is to move

Answer 3

Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell.

Question 4

. If a DNA template strand has a sequence of 3’ TACAATGTAGCC 5’, the RNA produced from it will be which sequence? (This is a good time to use scrap paper).

Answer 4

5’-AUGUUACAUCGG-3’

Question 5

How many nucleotides are contained in a single codon?

Answer 5

3

Question 6

Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and consist of what 3 components?

Answer 6

Phosphate
Pentose
Nitrogenous Bases

Question 7

Which of the following statements accurately describes transcription by RNA polymerase? (For this one keep in mind the directionality, and bps of each strand,
a. It is possible for one RNA polymerase to transcribe one strand of DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction and another RNA polymerase to transcribe the complimentary strand of DNA in the 3’ to 5’ direction, producing two identical transcripts
b. It is possible for one RNA polymerase to transcribe one strand of DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction and another RNA polymerase to transcribe the complimentary strand of DNA in the 3’ to 5’ direction, producing two different transcripts
c. RNA polymerase simultaneously transcribes both strands of DNA
d. It is possible for one RNA polymerase to transcribe one strand of DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction and another RNA polymerase to transcribe the complimentary strand of DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction, producing two different transcripts
e. It is possible for one RNA polymerase to transcribe one strand of DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction and another RNA polymerase to transcribe the complimentary strand of DNA in the 3’ to 5’ direction, producing two identical transcripts

Answer 7

d

Question 8

What products of nonstructural genes are never translated?

Answer 8

transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA

Question 9

When DNA replication produces DNA molecules with 1 parental strand and 1 newly made strand it is called:

Answer 9

Semi-conservative

Question 10

The codon is found on the ___ and the anti-condon is found on the ___.

Answer 10

mRNA; tRNA

Question 11

Polypeptide-

Answer 11

a polymer made up of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. It is a chain of amino acid residues joined together through dehydration synthesis

Question 12

tRNA-

Answer 12

Transfer RNA
Translates mRNA code into amino acid code
Transfers Amino acids to ribosome

Question 13

mRNA-

Answer 13

Messenger RNA
Piece of RNA that codes for a peptide or protein

Question 14

rRNA

Answer 14

Ribosomal RNA
Forms small unit of ribosome which builds protein

Question 15

RNA Polymerase II-

Answer 15

Transcribes mRNA

Question 16

RNA Polymerase I and III-

Answer 16

Transcribes nonstructural genes for rRNA and tRNA

Question 17

Introns-

Answer 17

Transcribed but not translated
Cut out

Question 18

Exons-

Answer 18

Coding sequence found in mature (processed) mRNA
Kept

Question 19

Splicing-

Answer 19

Removal of introns and connection of exons

Question 20

What causes introns to loop outward?

Answer 20

Binding

Question 21

Alternative Splicing-

Answer 21

Function of spliceosome regulated so that single gene can encode 2 or more polypeptides

Question 22

Genetic Code-

Answer 22

Sequence of bases in an mRNA molecule

Question 23

Degenerate-

Answer 23

More than 1 codon can specify the same amino acid

Question 24

What defines the reading frame?

Answer 24

Start Codon

Question 25

What is called the "second genetic code"?

Answer 25

Aminoacyl

Question 26

RNA Polymerase-

Answer 26

enzyme responsible for catalyzing the transcription process in cells links nucleotides

Question 27

Spliceosome-

Answer 27

Molecular moachine that removes introns from pre-mRNA and splice together exons

Question 27

Intron-

Answer 27

non-coding segments of DNA sequences that are cut out by the spliceosome

Question 28

Codon-

Answer 28

Sequence of 3 consecutive nucleotides in DNA that code for a specific amino acid

Question 29

Anticodon-

Answer 29

complementary sequence of 3 nucleoides that bind during translation to complementary codon

Question 30

Aminoacyl- tRNA –synthetase-

Answer 30

a group of enzymes responsible for attaching amino acids to their corresponding transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules during translation, which is the process of protein synthesis.

Question 31

Amino acid-

Answer 31

the building blocks of proteins linked together by peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains