Chapter 12 - Hearing Instruments

Question 1

Another term for residual auditory capacity is _____.

A. Auditory deprivation.
B. Secondary auditory functional range.
C. LDL.
D. Dynamic range.

Answer 1

D. Dynamic range.

Question 2

The hearing instrument should be guaranteed to do what to sound?

A. Make it clearer.
B. Make it easier to listen.
C. Make it more comfortable.
D. Make it louder.

Answer 2

D. Make it louder.

Question 2

When a patient requests that you fit one hearing instrument when the hearing loss is bilateral and symmetrical, if you agree, you are _____.

A. Helping the person a little.
B. Doing what you can.
C. Not correcting a hearing loss.
D. Selling a hearing aid.
E. None of the above.
F. C and D.

Answer 2

F. C and D.

Question 3

Most people equate hearing with _____.

A. Vision.
B. The senses.
C. Understanding.

Answer 3

C. Understanding.

Question 4

Moderately severe hair cell damage is _____.

A. Reversable with the use of hearing instruments.
B. Not reversable.
C. Can be helped with the proper fitting of hearing instruments.
D. The result of poor hygiene.
E. B and C.

Answer 4

E. B and C.

Question 5

Most states have a policy that allows new hearing instruments to be returned within 30 days for any reason to receive a full or nearly-full refund.

A. True.
B. False.

Answer 5

A. True.

Question 6

This law leads to misconceptions regarding: (check all that apply)

A. The patient-client relationship.
B. Satisfaction.
C. Progress in understanding.
D. An abbreviated and unrealistic acclimatization period.
E. The three party guaranty

Answer 6

A. The patient-client relationship.
B. Satisfaction.
C. Progress in understanding.
D. An abbreviated and unrealistic acclimatization period.
E. The three party guaranty

Question 7

Input is the term used to identify _____ sound with respect to the hearing instrument..

A. Outgoing.
B. Amplified.
C. Throughput processed.
D. Natural, unamplified.

Answer 7

D. Natural, unamplified.

Question 8

The first transducer in the hearing instrument is the _____.

A. Input compression system.
B. Wind shield.
C. Digital signal processor.
D. Receiver.
E. Microphone.

Answer 8

E. Microphone.

Question 9

In first generation technology, the next step in the amplification process is the _____ stage.

A. Till.
B. Linear amplifier.
C. Digital cardioid.
D. Receiver.

Answer 9

B. Linear amplifier.

Question 10

In the first tranduction, acoustical waves are changed in form to _____.

A. A digital current.
B. A stream of protons.
C. An electrical current.
D. An amplified Sinusoid.
E. An electrochemical gradient.

Answer 10

C. An electrical current.

Question 11

In the current generation of technology, the transduced acoustical wave moves along to a _____.

A. Digital to analog converter.
B. Digital array processor.
C. Analog array processor.
D. Analog to digital converter.

Answer 11

D. Analog to digital converter.

Question 12

The ATD processor converts the signal into _____.

A. Clipped acoustical peaks.
B. Complex amplified tones.
C. Smoothed acoustical environments.
D. One’s and zero’s.

Answer 12

D. One’s and zero’s.

Question 13

Once the ATD step is complete, the signal now enters the _____ stage.

A. Loud speaker.
B. Microphonic.
C. Telecoil.
D. Amplification.

Answer 13

D. Amplification.

Question 14

From the ATD to the amplifier, the sound bits are re-converted by the _____.

A. Digital to Sensory array.
B. Digital to analog current.
C. Digital to acoustical wave.
D. Digital to Kneepoint wave.

Answer 14

B. Digital to analog current.

Question 15

Continuing, where it is transduced into acoustical waves by the receiver.

A. True.
B. False. It is transduced by the speaker system.
C. False. It is not transduced at all – just converted from one form of a wave to another…

Answer 15

A. True.

Question 16

Battery life is rated in _____ per _____.

A. Watts per Volt.
B. Amps per second.
C. Milliamps per day.
D. Nanoamps per microsecond.
E. Milliamps per hour.

Answer 16

E. Milliamps per hour.

Question 17

Rank the following batteries in terms of battery life.

B. 675.
D. 312.
F. 5.
E. 10.
A. Body aid.
C. 13.

Answer 17

C. 13.
A. Body aid.
E. 10.
F. 5.
B. 675.
D. 312.

Question 18

The transducer is an electronic device which changes one form of _____ into another.

A. Sound.
B. Sine wave.
C. Power.
D. Energy.

Answer 18

D. Energy.

Question 19

The main component of the microphone is a _____ which holds an _____.

A. Small wire/electric plate.
B. Shield/array of neutrons.
C. Diaphragm/electric charge.
D. Electric charge/diaphragm.

Answer 19

C. Diaphragm/electric charge.

Question 20

An input transducer is an electronic device which acts:

A. As soon as the stimulus is received.
B. As soon as the sound is amplified.
C. As soon as the sound is transduced.
D. As soon as the sound is converted to digital bits.
E. None of the above.

Answer 20

A. As soon as the stimulus is received.

Question 21

Omnidirectional microphones are designed to receive sounds from:

A. 360 degrees.
B. 180 degrees.
C. In adaptable directions.
D. The front to minimize background noise.

Answer 21

A. 360 degrees.

Question 22

Directional microphone patterns are described as variations of _____ schemes on _____.

A. Angular/partiod.
B. Circular/haptoid.
C. Cardiac/Dipole.
D. Cardiac/polar plots.
E. None of the above

Answer 22

D. Cardiac/polar plots.

Question 22

Directional microphones are made with _____.

A. Multiple microphones.
B. Negative ports and single microphones.
C. Transduction port noise baffling microphones.
D. Hypercharged portals.
E. Single microphones with multiple ports.
F. A and E.

Answer 22

F. A and E.

Question 23

The nearness of the hearing instrument microphone to the telephone receiver led to the development of _____. A. Hypercardioid directional mikes. B. Supercardioid adaptive microphones. C. Cardioid directional plots. D. Telecoil.

Answer 23

D. Telecoil.

Question 24

The effectiveness of directional microphones is due to the following (check all that apply). A. Size of the faceplate. B. Size of the port. C. Distance between ports. D. Rear Port time delay. E. Microphone alignment/positioning at the laboratory. F. Charge on the diaphragm.

Answer 24

Definitely C. Distance between ports. D. Rear Port time delay. Not B. Size of the port.

Question 25

The telecoil is a _____ which changes electromagnetic energy present in the telephone into an _____ signal which the hearing instrument can process as sound. A. Cardioid producer/acoustical. B. Diaphragm/electrochemical. C. Transducer/acoustic. D. Transducer/electrical.

Answer 25

D. Transducer/electrical.

Question 26

SNR is signal to noise ratio. This represents the measured intensity of the unwanted signals compared to the local noise. A. True. B. False.

Answer 26

B. False.

Question 27

The ratio of microphone output directly in front of the listener compared to sounds in a 360 degree circle is called the _____. A. Directional Input. B. Dipole Integer. C. Directional Index. D. Directional Integer Ration. E. Signal to Direction Percentage.

Answer 27

C. Directional Index.

Question 28

Natural hearing is best represented by which microphone scheme? A. Cardioid. B. Hypercardioid. C. Supercardioid. D. Omnidirectional. E. None of the above.

Answer 28

D. Omnidirectional.

Question 29

A SNR reading of -6 means the signals are _____ when compared to noise being picked up. A. One sixth the loudness. B. One sixth the intensity. C. Six times louder than the noise. D. Six times louder than the intensity.

Answer 29

B. One sixth the intensity.

Question 30

The higher the SNR, the better the microphone scheme is performing in that particular acoustical environment. A. True. B. False.

Answer 30

A. True.

Question 31

The statistical areas where we locate the intensities and frequencies making up speech is of particular importance with respect to the: A. Articulation Index. B. Directivity Index. C. Function of the cochlea. D. Function of the ossicular chain. E. Resonance of the external auditory meatus.

Answer 31

A. Articulation Index.

Question 31

The last transducer in the hearing instrument is the _____. A. DTA converter. B. Amplifier. C. Receiver. D. Sound tube. E. None of the above.

Answer 31

D. Sound tube.

Question 32

Receivers are also made up of diaphragms which are magnetic, just like the _____. A. Microphone. B. DTA converter. C. ATD converter. D. Amplifier.

Answer 32

A. Microphone.

Question 33

The electric, amplified signal passes into the receiver. The diaphragm vibrates in response to the makeup of the _____ in the speaker, which create acoustical wave forms. A. Tripoles. B. Band pass filters. C. Narrow band filters. D. Magnets.

Answer 33

D. Magnets.

Question 34

Amplifiers provide the _____ of the acoustic signal. A. Output. B. Clarity. C. Amplified output. D. Gain. E. Compression.

Answer 34

D. Gain.

Question 35

Digital hearing instruments include an integrated circuit. A. True. B. False.

Answer 35

A. True.

Question 36

An integrated circuit with an ATD and a DTA is also known as: A. An analog circuit. B. A mixed circuit. C. A dielectric analectronic circuit. D. A digital processor.

Answer 36

D. A digital processor.

Question 37

The circuit board is an integrated circuit, which contains resistors, transistors, and other components. A. True. B. False.

Answer 37

A. True.

Question 38

An analog amplifier is a compression based peak limiting amplifier. A. True. B. False.

Answer 38

B. False.

Question 39

The amount of sound that hearing instruments augment through amplification is termed the _____ of the instrument. A. Output. B. Gain. C. Supplementation.

Answer 39

B. Gain.

Question 40

The amount of sound energy recordable at the receiver is called the: A. Receiver total. B. Amplified total. C. Output D. Gain.

Answer 40

C. Output

Question 41

Output is measured in: A. dB HL. B. dB Sones. C. dB Phons. D. dB SPL. E. SSPL.

Answer 41

D. dB SPL.

Question 42

I + G = _____ A. L. B. M. C. N. D. O E. P. F. Q.

Answer 42

D. O

Question 42

Linear technology deals with sounds too strong for the amplifier by _____. A. Peak smoothing. B. Peak elimination. C. Peak clipping. D. None of the above.

Answer 42

C. Peak clipping.

Question 43

In today’s technology, output relative to input is described by the term _____. A. Dynamic Range. B. Wide Response. C. Compression. D. Linear Responses.

Answer 43

C. Compression.

Question 44

Current technology allows the hearing instrument to _____ increased input. A. Modify. B. Lessen. C. Amplify. D. Compress.

Answer 44

D. Compress.

Question 45

The compression circuit differs from first generation linear amplification technology because linear circuits amplified all input _____. A. The same amount. B. Until the kneepoint kicked in. C. Until the compression threshold was activated by intensity. D. In a similar fashion but not the same.

Answer 45

A. The same amount.

Question 46

The concept with compression hearing instruments is based on the fact that the louder the signal the_____ amplification is needed to insure the output of the instrument remains within the dynamic range. A. Less. B. More. C. Condensed. D. Compressed. E. More fine tuned.

Answer 46

A. Less.

Question 47

The programmable point at which compression becomes active and loud sounds are reduced by certain amounts is called the _____. A. Elbowpoint. B. Wristpoint. C. Lever threshold. D. Kneepoint. E. None of the above.

Answer 47

D. Kneepoint.

Question 48

Compression hearing instruments have the capacity to _____ output by a percentage. A. Increase. B. Reduce and increase. C. Smooth and divert. D. Reduce.

Answer 48

B. Reduce and increase.

Question 49

CT [compression kneepoint] and CT [compression threshold] are: A. Similar concepts. B. Unrelated. C. One and the same. D. Mathematical inflection points around which sounds diminish.

Answer 49

C. One and the same.

Question 50

The point at which amplification is no longer linear in nature and the lowest point on input which will trigger a 2 dB reduction in gain is termed the _____. A. CT. B. CK. C. CD. D. CR. E. A and B. F. A and D.

Answer 50

E. A and B.

Question 51

The amplification algorithm [mathematical instructions] is active and functions over a particular area in the dynamic range. The area is called the _____. A. Active Compression Target [ACT]. B. Compressive Target Zone [CTZ]. C. High Frequency Compression Interval [HFCI]. D. Compression Range [CR].

Answer 51

D. Compression Range [CR].

Question 52

The time delay from the point of sound input which triggers compression until the output level is reached by the instrument is termed _____ time. A. Processing. B. Pre-amp. C. Amp. D. Attack. E. Release.

Answer 52

D. Attack.

Question 53

With compression instrumentation, in order to function properly the samples have to be taken. The sampling loop can be taken either in front of or behind the volume control [VC] in order to be processed. The VC then becomes a factor in whether the CK [compression Kneepoint] is constant or variable. A. True. B. False.

Answer 53

A. True.

Question 53

The interval of time between compression amplification and the return to linear amplification is termed _____ time. A. Recovery. B. Re-linearizing. C. Re-compressed. D. Release. E. Renewal.

Answer 53

D. Release.

Question 54

If the loop is behind [after] the VC, compression dictates that the CK changes with the gain but _____ is constant. A. Gain. B. Input. C. Attack time. D. Release time. E. Output.

Answer 54

E. Output.

Question 55

If the loop is in front of the VC, compression dictates that the CK is _____. A. Variable. B. Constant. C. Variable at sounds under 65 dB and constant above 65 dB. D. Constant at sounds under 65 dB and variable above 65 dB.

Answer 55

B. Constant.

Question 56

Compression limiting circuits limit _____. A. Input. B. Gain. C. Distortion. D. Output. E. None of the above.

Answer 56

D. Output.

Question 57

Compression limiting circuits function as _____ hearing instruments over the majority of the frequency/intensity spectrum. A. Peak Limiting. B. Linear. C. Compressor. D. Attenuating.

Answer 57

B. Linear.

Question 58

Compression limiting circuits are designed to: A. Govern input. B. Govern output. C. Reduce high input distortions. D. Reduce low frequency occlusion effects. E. Enhance SNR regarding double consonants.

Answer 58

B. Govern output.

Question 59

WDRC stands for Wide Dynamic Range Compression and is known to make available: A. Dynamic control capability. B. Enhanced therapeutic manipulability. C. Clearer understanding. D. Enhanced negative SNR understanding. E. Greater dynamic range than the patient has. F. A and B.

Answer 59

F. A and B.

Question 60

The criteria which lead to high performance in WDRC HI’s are: A. Higher CRs. B. Lower CRs. C. Higher CKs. D. Lower CKs. E. Shorter A&R times. F. B, D, and E.

Answer 60

F. B, D, and E.