Chapter 12: Juvenile Courts Adjudication and Disposition

Question 1

transfers

Answer 1

proceedings where the jurisdiction over juvenile offenders shifts from the juvenile court to criminal court

Question 2

waiver

Answer 2

made by motion, the transfer of jurisdiction over juvenile to a criminal court where the juvenile is subjected to adult crime penalities

Question 3

adjudication hearing

Answer 3

formal proceeding involving prosecuting attorney and defense attorney where evidence is presented and a juveniles status or condition is determined by the juvenile court judge

Question 4

adjudication

Answer 4

(The trial process) legal resolution of a dispute; when a juvenile is declared a delinquent or status offender, the matter has been resolved

Question 5

nominal disposition

Answer 5

Verbal warning

Question 6

conditional dispositions

Answer 6

Probation

Question 7

custodial dispositions

Answer 7

Incarceration

Question 8

nonsecure custody

Answer 8

a facility that emphasizes the care and treatment of youths without the need to place constraints to ensure public protection

Question 9

secure custody

Answer 9

incarceration of juvenile offender in facility that restricts movement in the community. Similar to an adult penal facility involving total incarceration

Question 10

foster home

Answer 10

dwelling including family where child is placed

Question 11

group home

Answer 11

facilities for juveniles that provide limited supervision and support. Juveniles live in homelike environment with other juveniles and participate in therapeutic programs and counseling

Question 12

camp, ranch

Answer 12

any of several types of similar correctional confinement facilities for adults or juveniles, usually located in rural areas

Question 13

due process

Answer 13

the right to a fair trial, presumption of innocence until guilt is proven beyond a reasonable doubt.

Question 14

guardian ad litem

Answer 14

is a person appointed by the court to present a juvenile in pending litigation

Question 15

judicial waiver

Answer 15

decision by juvenile judge to waive juvenile to jurisdiction of criminal court

Question 16

prosecutorial waiver

Answer 16

authority of prosecutors in juvenile cases to have those cases transferred to the jurisdiction of criminal courts

Question 17

direct file

Answer 17

prosecutorial waiver of jurisdiction to a criminal court

Question 18

discretionary waiver

Answer 18

transfers of juveniles to criminal court by judges at their discretion or in their judgement also known as judicial waivers

Question 19

legislative waivers

Answer 19

provisions that compel juvenile court to remand certain youths to criminal courts because of specific offenses that have been committed or alleged

Question 20

automatic waivers

Answer 20

jurisdictional laws that provide for automatic waivers of juveniles to criminal court for processing

Question 21

statutory exclusion

Answer 21

provisions that automatically exclude certain juveniles and offenses from the jurisdiction of the juvenile courts

Question 22

mandatory transfer

Answer 22

automatic waiver of certain juveniles to criminal courts on the basis of their age and the seriousness of their offense

Question 23

demand waiver

Answer 23

request by juveniles to have their cases transferred from juvenile courts to criminal courts

Question 24

presumptive waiver

Answer 24

type of judicial waiver where burden of proof shifts from the state to juvenile to contest whether youth is transferred to criminal court

Question 25

once an adult/ always an adult

Answer 25

provision that once a juvenile has been transferred to a criminal court to be prosecuted as an adult, regardless of criminal outcome, juvenile will never be subjected to jurisdiction of juvenile courts

Question 26

waiver hearing

Answer 26

motioned by prosecutor to transfer juvenile charged with various offenses to a criminal or adult court for prosecution, making it possible to sustain adult criminal penalities

Question 27

reverse waiver hearing

Answer 27

formal proceedings, usually conducted by a criminal court judge, to determine whether a transferred juvenile should be sent back to be tried for his/ her crimes in juvenile court rather than criminal courts

Question 28

blended sentencing

Answer 28

any type of sentencing procedure where either a criminal or juvenile court judge can impose both juvenile and/pr adult incarcerative penalties

Question 29

teen courts

Answer 29

courts where proceedings are conducted by youths who try other youths for non serious misdemeanors