Chapter 12: Mitosis

Question 1

Why do multicellular cells need cell division?

Answer 1

growth, repair, and development of fertilized cells.

Question 2

What is part of the cell cycle?

Answer 2

Cell division and the formation of new cells

Question 3

What are chromosomes?

Answer 3

DNA molecules packed in a cell

Question 4

What is chromatin?

Answer 4

Both DNA and protein

Question 5

What are somatic cells?

Answer 5

Non-reproductive cells with two sets of chromosomes

Question 6

What are gametes?

Answer 6

Reproductive cells like sperm and egg. They also have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells.

Question 7

What is done in preparation before cell division?

Answer 7

DNA is replicated and chromosomes are condensed.

Question 8

What are sister chromatids?

Answer 8

What a duplicated chromosome has

Question 9

What is a centromere?

Answer 9

Where two chromatids are close together

Question 10

What is mitosis?

Answer 10

The division of genetic material in the nucleus

Question 11

What is the cytokinesis?

Answer 11

The division of the cytoplasm

Question 12

What do eukaryotic cells consist of?

Answer 12

Mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 13

What does the cell division cycle consist of?

Answer 13

The mitotic(M) phase and interphase

Question 14

What is the mitotic(M) phase?

Answer 14

Mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 15

What is the interphase stage?

Answer 15

The cell growth and copying of chromosomes that are prepared for cell division

Question 16

What are the subphases of the interphase?

Answer 16

G1, S, G2

Question 17

What is the mitotic spindle?

Answer 17

Microtubules that allow for chromosome movement

Question 18

What is the centrosome?

Answer 18

The organizing center of the microtubule

Question 19

What are kinetochores?

Answer 19

Proteins associated with centrosomes

Question 20

What is the metaphase plate?

Answer 20

A midway between the spindles where the chromosomes line up

Question 21

What is the cleavage furrow?

Answer 21

The cytokinesis of animals cells

Question 22

What is the cell plate?

Answer 22

The cytokinesis of plant cells

Question 23

What is the binary fission?

Answer 23

The cell division of prokaryotes like bacteria and archae

Question 24

What are growth factors?

Answer 24

Factors that are released by certain cells and stimulate other cells to divide

Question 25

What is transformation?

Answer 25

The transition/transformation of a normal cell to a cancer cell

Question 26

Eukaryotic chromatin is composed of which of the following macromolecules?

Answer 26

DNA and proteins

Question 27

After DNA replication, each duplicated chromosome consists of two of which of the following structures?

Answer 27

sister chromatids

Question 28

What is the name of the region on duplicated chromosomes where the sister chromatids are most closely attached to each other?

Answer 28

he centromere

Question 29

In a diploid cell with four chromosome pairs (2n = 8), how many centromeres will be found in a nucleus at G2 of the cell division cycle?

Answer 29

8

Question 30

What is the name of the microtubule-organizing center found in animal cells as an identifiable structure present during all phases of the cell cycle?

Answer 30

centrosome

Question 31

The mitotic spindle plays a critical role in which of the following processes?

Answer 31

separation of sister chromatids

Question 32

Which of the following statements describes a characteristic feature of metaphase?

Answer 32

alignment of chromosomes on the equator of the cell

Question 33

Which of the following events would be most likely to produce cells with several nuclei?

Answer 33

repeated mitosis without cytokinesis

Question 34

Which of the following statements best describes how cytokinesis differs between plant and animal cells?

Answer 34

Plant cells deposit vesicles containing cell wall building blocks on the metaphase plate;animal cells form a cleavage furrow

Question 35

At which phase of the cell cycle do centrioles begin to move apart in animal cells?

Answer 35

prophase

Question 36

In a diploid cell with four chromosome pairs (2n = 8), how many sister chromatids will be found in a nucleus at prophase of mitosis?

Answer 36

16

Question 37

If there are 24 centromeres in a cell at anaphase of mitosis, how many chromosomes will be found in each daughter cell following cytokinesis?

Answer 37

12

Question 38

If a cell at metaphase of mitosis contains 32 sister chromatids, how many chromosomes will be present in a G1 cell?

Answer 38

16

Question 39

Movement of the chromosomes during anaphase would be most directly affected by a drug that prevents which of the following events?

Answer 39

shortening of microtubules

Question 40

Which of the following events characterizes the beginning of anaphase?

Answer 40

enzymatic cleavage of cohesin

Question 41

In which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids become daughter chromosomes?

Answer 41

Anaphase

Question 42

Which of the following statements best describes a cleavage furrow?

Answer 42

a groove in the plasma membrane between daughter nuclei

Question 43

Certain unicellular eukaryotes, including diatoms and some yeasts, have mechanisms of nuclear division that resemble intermediate steps in the evolution of mitosis. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of nuclear division in these organisms?

Answer 43

Chromosomes are segregated by a mitotic spindle, but the nuclear envelope remains intact during division.

Question 44

Through a microscope, you can see a cell plate beginning to develop across the middle of a cell and nuclei forming on either side of the cell plate. This cell is most likely ________.

Answer 44

a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis

Question 45

Which of the following events occurs during interphase of the cell cycle?

Answer 45

replication of the DNA