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Essentials of Paramedic Care > Chapter 12 - Part 2 - Body Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Part 2 - Body Systems Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Layers of the Skin

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Subcutaneous Tissue
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2
Q

Epidermis

A

Outermost layer of the skin compromising of dead or dying cells

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3
Q

Sebum

A

Fatty secretion of the sebaceous gland that helps keep the skin pliable and waterproof

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4
Q

Dermis

A

True skin, also called the corium; it is layer of tissue producing the epidermis and housing the structures, blood vessels, and nerves normally associated with the skin.

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5
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Glads within the dermis secreting sebum

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6
Q

Sudoriferous Glands

A

Glands within the dermis that secrete sweat

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7
Q

Subcutaneous Tissue

A

Body layer beneath the dermis

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8
Q

Hematopoietic System

A

Body system having to do with the production and development of blood cells, consisting of the bone marrow, liver, spleen, kidneys and the blood itself

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9
Q

Homatipietic System Components

A
  • Bone Marrow
  • Liver
  • Spleen
  • Kidneys
  • Blood
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10
Q

Pluripotent Stem Cell

A

A cell from which the various types of blood cells can form

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11
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

The process through which pluripotent stem cells differentiate into various types of blood cells

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12
Q

Erythropoietin

A

The hormone responsible for red blood cell production

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13
Q

Components of Blood

A
  • Plasma
  • Formed elements
    • Red Blood Cells
    • White Blood Cells
    • Platelets
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14
Q

Plasma

A

Thick, pale yellow fluid that makes up the liquid part of the blood

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15
Q

Erythrocyte

A

Red Blood Cell

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16
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Oxygen- bearing molecule in the red blood cells. It is made up of iron-rich red pigment called heme and a protein called globing

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17
Q

pO2

A

Partial pressure of oxygen; (partial pressure is the pressure exerted by a given component of a gas containing several components)

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18
Q

pCO2

A

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide

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19
Q

Bohr effect

A

Phenomenon in which a decrease in pCO2/ acidity causes an increase in the quantity of oxygen that binds with the hemoglobin; conversely, an increase in PCO2/ acidity causes the hemoglobin to give up a greater quantity of oxygen

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20
Q

2,3-diphosphoglycerate

A

Aka 2,3-DPG

chemical in the red blood cells that affects hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen

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21
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

The process of producing red blood cells

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22
Q

Hemolysis

A

Destruction of red blood cells

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23
Q

Sequestration

A

The trapping of red blood cells by an organ, such as the spleen

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24
Q

Hematocrit

A

The packed cell volume of red blood cells per unit of blood

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25
Leukocyte
White Blood Cell
26
Chemotaxis
The movement of white blood cells in response to chemical signals
27
Phagocytosis
Process in which blood cells engulf and destroy an invader
28
Leukopoiesis
The process through which stem cells differentiate into the white blood cells immature forms
29
White Blood Cell - Blasts
- Myeloblasts - Monoblasts - Lymphoblasts
30
White Blood Cell Categories
- Granulocytes - Monocytes - Lymphocytes
31
Granulocyte Classifications
- Basophils - Eosinophils - Neutrophils
32
MBP
Major Basic Protein A larvacidal peptide
33
Neutropenia
A low neutrophil count
34
Autoimmune Disease
Condition in which the body makes antibodies against its own tissues
35
Inflammatory Process
A non specific defence mechanism that wards off damage from microorganisms or trauma
36
Thrombocytes
Blood platelet
37
Hemostasis
The combined mechanisms that work to prevent or control blood loss
38
Fibrinolysis
The process through which plasmin dismantles a blood clot
39
Thrombosis
Clot formation, which is extremely dangerous when it occurs in coronary arteries or cerebral vasculature
40
Functions of the Skeleton
- Gives the body structural form - Protects vital organs - Allows for efficient movement - Stores salts and other materials for metabolism - Produces red blood cells
41
Musculoskeletal System
- Two distinct subsystems: skeleton and muscles | - Provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body
42
Haversian Canals
Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel into the bone itself
43
Osteocytes
Bone-forming cell found in the bone matrix that helps maintain the bone
44
Osteoblasts
Cell that helps in the creation of the new bone during growth and bone repair
45
Osteoclasts
Bone cell that absorbs and removes excess bone
46
Perforating Canals
Structures through which blood vessels enter and exit the bone shaft
47
Devascularization
Loss of blood vessels from a body part
48
Diaphysis
Hollow shaft found in long bones
49
Epiphysis
End of a long bone, including the epiphyseal, or growth plate and supporting structures underlying the joint
50
Cancellous
Having a latticework structure, as in the spongy tissue of a bone
51
Articular Surface
Surface of a bone that moves against another bone
52
Metaphysis
Growth zone of a bone, active during the development stages of youth. It is located between the epiphysis and the diaphysis
53
Epiphyseal Plate
Area of the metaphysis where cartilage is generated during bone growth in childhood; growth plate
54
Joint Capsule
The ligaments that surround a joint; synovial capsule
55
Synovial Fluid
Substance that lubricates synovial joints
56
Bursae
Sacs containing synovial fluid that cushion adjacent structures; singular bursa.
57
Axial Skeleton
Bones of the head, thorax and spine
58
Appendicular Skeleton
Bones of the extremities, shoulder girdle and pelvis except the sacrum
59
Types of muscles
- Cardiac Muscle - Smooth Muscle - Skeletal Muscle
60
Fasciculus
Small bundle of muscle fibres
61
Origin
Attachment of a muscle to a bone that does not move (or experiences the least movement) when the muscle contracts
62
Insertion
Attachment of a muscle to a bone that moves when the muscle contracts
63
Opposition
Pairing of muscles that permits extension and flexion of limbs
64
Tone
State of slight contraction of muscles that gives them firmness and keeps them ready to contract
65
Galea Aponeurotica
Connective tissue sheet covering the superior aspect of the cranium
66
Cranium
Vault-like portion of the skull encasing the brain
67
Sutures
Pseudo-joints that join the various bones of the skull to form the cranium
68
ICP
Intercranial Pressure Pressure exerted on the brain by the blood and cerebrospinal fluid

Essentials of Paramedic Care (2 decks)

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