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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 12 - Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Personality Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a personality disorder?

A

Enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from expectations of individual’s culture

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2
Q

What are characteristics of personality disorder?

A

Rigid and inflexible

Highly inappropriate behaviour to others

Restricted range of traits compared to others

Causes distress to others

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3
Q

What are the 3 DSM-5 clusters of personality disorders?

A

Custer A: Odd and eccentric

Cluster B: Dramatic, emotional, erratic

Cluster C: Anxious and fearful

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4
Q

What are the disorders under Cluster A?

A

Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

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5
Q

What are the disorders of Cluster B?

A

Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

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6
Q

What are the disorders of Cluster C?

A

Avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive

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7
Q

What is the lifetime prevalence of personality disorders?

A

6.7%

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8
Q

Cluster ____ seek treatment most, followed by cluster ____, then cluster ____.

A

B; C; A

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9
Q

For personality disorders, functioning is often __________.

A

Egosyntonic

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10
Q

In diagnosing personality disorders, ______ reliability is typically good, but _____ reliability is weak.

A

Interrater; test-retest

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11
Q

What are the biases for diagnosing personality disorder?

A

Gender and cultural

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12
Q

What are the gender biases of diagnosing personality disorders?

A

Clinician bias

Bias in DSM criteria

Systemic bias

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13
Q

What is comorbidity?

A

Co-occurrence of 2+ different diagnoses

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14
Q

What is diagnostic overlap?

A

Similarity of symptoms in 2+ different disorders

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15
Q

What is the psychodynamic view of the development of personality disorders?

A

Disturbances in parent-child relationship

Separation-individuation

Inadequate sense of self

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16
Q

What is attachment theory of PD?

A

When bond to parents poor, child lacks inter-relational confidence

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17
Q

What is the cognitive-behavioural perspective of PD?

A

Disordered schemas developed early in life

New events distort to maintain validity of schemas

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18
Q

What are the biological factors of PD?

A

Genetics, dysfunction of prefrontal cortex

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19
Q

Cluster A has ______ links with ______ and ______.

A

Genetic; schizophrenia; mood disorders

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20
Q

Cluster B has ______ factors and _____ problems.

A

Biological; attachment

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21
Q

Cluster C has limited investigation of _______.

A

Causal factors

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22
Q

What is paranoid personality disorder?

A

Suspiciousness concerning motives of other people

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23
Q

People with paranoid personality disorder have problems in _________, with a need for ________, _________ and ________ nature.

A

Relationships; control; jealous; suspicious

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24
Q

PPD has a genetic link with _________.

A

Schizophrenia

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25
The difference between PPD and schizophrenia is...
Severity of paranoid beliefs Schizophrenia delusions, PPD within realm of possibility
26
What is schizoid personality disorder?
Completely uninterested in intimate involvement with others
27
People with schizoid personality disorder lack ____________, prefer ________, and avoid _________.
Emotional responsiveness; being alone; social relations
28
Schizoid personality disorder mirrors negative symptoms of ______ but may be more related to ______.
Schizophrenia; asocial disorders
29
What is schizotypal personality disorder?
Extremely superstitious and odd beliefs/behaviours
30
Schizotypal personality disorder DOES NOT meet criteria for ____________.
Delusional/hallucinatory psychotic experiences
31
What are the differences between schizophrenia, schizotypal PD, and schizoid PD?
Schizophrenia: psychotic symptoms (hallucinations/delusions) Schizotypal: odd beliefs/behaviours Schizoid: absolute disinterest/indifference to others
32
What is the difference between antisocial PD and psychopathy?
Antisocial PD: observable behaviours, disregard/violation of others Psychopathy: "users" of others, antisocial/violent behaviours
33
Only small portion of ________ are _______, but most _______ individuals are also _______.
ASPD; psychopathic Psychopathic; ASPD
34
What are the 3 etiologies of ASPD?
Genetics, social/family factors, psychological factors
35
How do social/family factors affect ASPD?
Inconsistent responding/punishing from parents
36
What is the fearlessness hypothesis of ASPD?
Higher thresholds for feelings fear, so fear not as strong
37
Based on Schmauk's study, ASPD patients responded well to ________ punishments, but not ________ or ________ punishments.
Tangible; social; physical
38
Symptoms of ASPD often _________ over time and likely __________ by _________.
Remit; disappear; 4th decade of life
39
ASPD treatment response is generally ________.
Poor
40
Treatment for ASPD should be aimed at...
Symptom reduction and behaviour management
41
Psychopathy is strongly linked to ______ and ______.
Aggression; violence
42
What is selective impulsivity theory of psychopathy?
Will act impulsively only if consequences worth the risk
43
In forensic populations, approximately _____ inmates psychopaths
15-25%
44
What are the 5 brain parts for abnormality of psychopathy?
Prefrontal cortex Hippocampus Angular gyrus Basal ganglia Amygdala
45
What are the 2 neurotransmitters associated with psychopathy and what happens to them?
Low serotonin activity and high dopamine activity
46
Environmental factor of psychopathy is...
Emotional deprivation (abuse, neglect)
47
What is fundamental psychopathy?
Result of biological predisposition hindering ability to experience emotions
48
What is secondary psychopathy?
Result of negative environmental experiences
49
Precursors to psychopathy emerge in childhood, such as...
Callous and unemotional traits
50
What is borderline personality disorder?
Pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and marked impulsivity
51
What are the 9 DSM-5 criterion for BPD?
Unstable interpersonal relationships Avoid abandonment Problems with sense of self Impulsive Suicidal/self-harming Affective instability Emptiness Anger Paranoid ideation/severe dissociative behaviours
52
The 5 dysregulations associated with BPD are...
Emotional, interpersonal, self, behavioural, cognitive
53
What are the 4 etiologies of BPD?
Childhood experiences Attachment problems Biological factors Genetics
54
What are the biological factors of BPD?
Reduced grey matter in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
55
What are the 2 factors of biosocial theory?
Emotional vulnerability, invalidating environment
56
What is the treatment for BPD?
DBT (build life worth living)
57
What is histrionic personality disorder?
"Life of the party", attention-seeking behaviours
58
What is narcissistic personality disorder?
Grandiose and consider selves to have unique/outstanding abilities
59
What characterizes narcissistic personality disorder?
"Me, me, me", cannot handle criticism, exploit others
60
What is avoidant personality disorder?
Pervasive pattern of avoiding interpersonal contacts
61
What is the parental rejection theory of avoidant PD?
Lack self-confidence and avoid others for fear of further rejection
62
What is dependent personality disorder?
Afraid to rely on self to make decisions, seek reassurance from others and submissive role
63
Female relative to those with DPD are likely to have _________ while male relatives to those with DPD are likely to have _______.
Panic disorder; depression
64
What is obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?
Inflexibility and desire for perfection
65
How does OCPD differ from OCD?
OCPD absence of obsessional thoughts and compulsive behaviours
66
What are barriers to treatments for PDs?
Patients not see problem Difficulty maintaining therapeutic relationships Treatment context
67
What is object relations therapy?
Correct aspects of self resulting from unfortunate early experiences, importance of therapeutic relationship
68
What are the cognitive-behavioural approaches to treatment for PDs?
Beck's CBT, DBT
69
Pharmacological interventions work best for _______ personality disorder.
Borderline

Abnormal Psychology (19 decks)

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