Chapter 12 Questions

Question 1

Locate the functional groups in propylene glycol

Answer 1

2 Alcohols

Question 2

Locate the functional groups in Glutaric Acid

Answer 2

2 carboxylic acids

Question 3

Locate the functional groups in Lactic Acid

Answer 3

alcohol, carboxylic acid

Question 4

Locate the functional groups in Phenylalanine

Answer 4

aromatic ring, amine, carboxylic acid

Question 5

Draw the structure for a molecule that fit the following description:

C3H6O w/ an aldehyde functional group

Answer 5

CH3CH2CHO

Question 6

Draw the structure for a molecule that fit the following description:

C3H6O w/ a ketone

Answer 6

CH3COCH3

Question 7

Draw the structure for a molecule that fit the following description:

c) C3H6O2 w/ a carboxylic acid

Answer 7

CH3CH2CO2H

Question 8

Draw the straight-chain isomer with the formula: C7H16

Answer 8

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Question 9

Draw the straight-chain isomer with the formula: C9H20

Answer 9

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Question 10

There are two branched-chain isomers with the formula C7H16 where the longest chain in the molecule is six carbons long. Draw them.

Answer 10

Question 11

Draw the following three isomers of C5H12 as condensed structures.

Answer 11

Question 12

Convert the following condensed structures to line structures:

Answer 12

Question 13

Convert the following line structures to condensed structures:

Answer 13

Question 14

Draw both condensed and line structures for these chemicals:

Answer 14

Answer not given

Question 15

Which of the following structures represent the same molecule?

Answer 15

Structures (a) and (c) are identical and are isomers of (b).

Question 16

Are the pairs of compounds shown below the same molecule, isomers, or different molecules?

Answer 16

(a) same (b) different (c) same

Question 17

Identify each carbon in the molecule shown as primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary.

Answer 17

Question 18

What are the IUPAC names of the following alkanes?

Answer 18

(a) 3-methylheptane (b) 4-isopropylheptane

Question 19

Draw both condensed and line structures corresponding to the following IUPAC name and label each carbon as primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary.

3-Methylhexane

Answer 19

Question 20

Draw both condensed and line structures corresponding to the following IUPAC name and label each carbon as primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary.

(b) 3,4-Dimethyloctane

Answer 20

Question 21

Draw both condensed and line structures corresponding to the following IUPAC name and label each carbon as primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary.

(c) 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane

Answer 21

Question 22

Draw and name an alkane that meet the following description:

A 5-carbon alkane with a tertiary carbon atom

Answer 22

Question 23

Draw and name an alkane that meet the following description:

A 7-carbon alkane that has both a tertiary and a quaternary carbon atom

Answer 23

Question 24

What are the IUPAC names of the following cycloalkanes? Remember to assign priority to the attached groups alphabetically.

Answer 24

(a) 1-ethyl-4-methylcyclohexane (b) 1-ethyl-3-isopropylcyclopentane

Question 25

Draw a line structure that represent the following IUPAC name: 1,1-Diethylcyclohexane

Answer 25

Question 26

Draw a line structure that represent the following IUPAC name: 1,3,5-Trimethylcycloheptane

Answer 26

Question 27

Why are most organic compounds nonconducting and insoluble in water?

Answer 27

No answer given

Question 28

What is meant by the term polar covalent bond? Give an example of such a bond.

Answer 28

A polar covalent bond is a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally. H2O is an example.

Question 29

For each of the following, give an example of a member compound containing 5 carbons total: (a) Alcohol (b) Amine (c) Carboxylic acid (d) Ether

Answer 29

No answer given

Question 30

Identify the highlighted functional groups in the following molecule:

Answer 30

(i) amine; (ii) amide; (iii) ester; (iv) aldehyde

Question 31

Identify the highlighted functional groups in the following molecule:

Answer 31

(v) ketone; (vi) aromatic ring; (vii) alcohol; (viii) carboxylic acid

Question 32

Identify the functional groups in the following molecule:

Answer 32

No answer given

Question 33

Identify the functional groups in the following molecule:

Answer 33

No answer given

Question 34

Propose structures for molecules that fit the following descriptions: (a) An aldehyde with the formula C5H10O (b) An ester with the formula C6H12O2 (c) A compound with the formula C3H7NOS that is both an amide and a thiol

Answer 34

Question 35

Propose structures for molecules that fit the following descriptions: (a) An amide with the formula C4H9NO (b) An aldehyde that has a ring of carbons, C6H10O (c) An aromatic compound that is also an ether, C8H10O

Answer 35

No answer given

Question 36

What requirement must be met for two compounds to be isomers?

Answer 36

They must have the same molecular formula but different structures.

Question 37

If one compound has the formula C5H10 and another has the formula C4H10, are the two compounds isomers? Explain.

Answer 37

No answer given

Question 38

What is the difference between a secondary carbon and a tertiary carbon?

Answer 38

A primary carbon is bonded to one other carbon; a secondary carbon is bonded to two other carbons; a tertiary carbon is bonded to three other carbons; and a quaternary carbon is bonded to four other carbons.

Question 39

What is the difference between a primary carbon and a quaternary carbon?

Answer 39

A primary carbon is bonded to one other carbon; a secondary carbon is bonded to two other carbons; a tertiary carbon is bonded to three other carbons; and a quaternary carbon is bonded to four other carbons.

Question 40

How many secondary carbons does the structure shown have? (Ignore all double-bonded carbons.)

Answer 40

4

Question 41

There are two isomers with the formula C4H10. Draw both the condensed and line structure for each isomer. Using the structures you drew as a starting point, draw both the condensed and line structures for the four isomeric chlorides having the chemical formula C4H9Cl.

Answer 41

Question 42

Write condensed structures for the following molecular formulas. More than one isomer will be required for each. (a) Isomers of C8H18 that contain three methyl groups and a longest chain of 5 carbons (b) Cyclohexanes with a chemical formula of C8H16 (c) C2H4O (d) Ketones and aldehydes with C4H8O (e) Write the line structures for (b) and (d).

Answer 42

No answer given

Question 43

Which of the following pairs of structures are identical, which are isomers, and which are unrelated?

Answer 43

identical: (a); isomers: (b), (d), (e); unrelated: (c)

Question 44

What is wrong with the following structures? (b is cut off in the book)

Answer 44

All have a carbon with five bonds.

Question 45

There are two things wrong with the following structure. What are they?

Answer 45

No answer given

Question 46

What are the IUPAC names of the following alkanes? (F is cut off in the book)

Answer 46

(a) 4-ethyl-3-methyloctane (b) 5-isopropyl-3-methyloctane (c) 2,2,6-trimethylheptane (d) 4-isopropyl-4-methyloctane (e) 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane (f) 4,4-diethyl-2-methylhexane (g) 2,2-dimethyldecane

Question 47

Write condensed structures for the following compounds: (a) 4-tert-Butyl-2-methylheptane (b) 2,4-Dimethylpentane (c) 4,4-Diethyl-3-methyloctane (d) 3-Ethyl-1-isopropyl-5-methylcycloheptane (e) 1,1,3-Trimethylcyclopentane

Answer 47

Question 48

Draw line structures for the following cycloalkanes: (a) 1,1-Dimethylcyclopropane (b) 1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane (c) Ethylcyclohexane (d) Cycloheptane (e) 1-Methyl-3-propylcyclohexane (f) 1-Ethyl-4-isopropylcyclooctane

Answer 48

No answer given

Question 49

Name the following cycloalkanes:

Answer 49

(a) 1-ethyl-3-methylcyclobutane (b) 1,1,3,3-tetramethylcyclopentane (c) 1-ethyl-3-propylcyclohexane (d) 4-butyl-1,1,2,2-tetramethylcyclopentane

Question 50

Name the following cycloalkanes:

Answer 50

No answer given

Question 51

Identify the indicated functional groups in the following molecules:

Answer 51

Question 52

The line structure for pregabalin (Lyrica) is shown. Identify carbons a–d as primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary.

Answer 52

No answer given

Question 53

Consider the compound shown; how many tertiary carbons does it have?

Answer 53

two tertiary carbons

Question 54

Which of the following structures represent the same molecule?

Answer 54

(a) and (d)