Chapter 12 Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
-pnea
A
breathing
2
Q
-oxia
A
level of oxygen
3
Q
-capnia
A
level of carbon dioxide
4
Q
-phonia
A
voice
5
Q
nas/o
A
nose
6
Q
rhin/o
A
nose
7
Q
pharyng/o
A
pharynx
8
Q
laryng/o
A
larynx
9
Q
trache/o
A
trachea
10
Q
bronch/o
bronch/i
A
bronchus
11
Q
bronchiol
A
bronchiole
12
Q
phren/o
A
diaphragm
13
Q
phrenic/o
A
phrenic nerve
14
Q
pleur/o
A
pleura
15
Q
pulm/o
pulmon/o
A
lung
16
Q
pneumon/o
A
lung
17
Q
pneum/o
pneumat/o
A
air, gas, respiration, lung
18
Q
spir/o
A
breathing
19
Q
adenoids
A
lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx; the pharyngeal tonsils
20
Q
alveoli
A
the tiny air sacs in the lungs through which gases are exchanged between the atmosphere and the blood in respiration (singular: alveolus). An alveolus, in general, is a small hollow or cavity; the term is also used to describe the bony socket for a tooth
21
Q
bronchiole
A
one of the smaller subdivisions of the bronchial tubes (root: bronchiol)
22
Q
bronchus
A
one of the larger air passageways in the lungs. The bronchi begin as two branches of the trachea and then subdivide within the lungs (plural: bronchi) (root: bronch)
23
Q
carbon dioxide (CO2)
A
a gas produced by energy metabolism in cells and eliminated through the lungs
24
Q
compliance
A
a measure of how easily the lungs expand under pressure. Compliance is reduced in many types of respiratory disorders
25
diaphragm
the dome-shaped muscle under under the lungs that flattens during inspiration (root: phren/o)
26
epiglottis
a leaf-shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea
27
expectoration
the act of coughing up material from the respiratory tract; also the material thus released; sputum
28
expiration
the act of breathing out or expelling air from the lungs; exhalation
29
glottis
the opening between the vocal cords
30
hemoglobin
the iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen
31
inspiration
the act of drawing air into the lungs; inhalation
32
larynx
the enlarged upper end of the trachea that contains the vocal cords (root: laryng/o)
33
lung
A cone-shaped spongy organ of respiration contained within the thorax (roots: pneum, pulm)
34
mediastinum
the space between the lungs together with the organs contained in this space
35
nose
the organ of the face used for breathing and for housing receptors for the sense of smell; includes an external portion and an internal nasal cavity (roots: nas/o, rhin/o)
36
oxygen (O2)
the gas needed by cells to release energy from food during metabolism
37
pharynx
the throat; a common passageway for food entering the esophagus and air entering the larynx (root: pharyng/o)
38
phrenic nerve
the nerve that activates the diaphragm (root: phrenic/o)
39
pleura
a double-layered membrane that lines the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura) and covers the lungs (visceral pleura) (root: pleur/o)
40
pleural space
the thin, fluid-filled space between the two layers of the pleura; pleural cavity
41
pulmonary ventilation
the movement of air into and out of the lungs
42
sinus
a cavity or channel; the paranasal sinuses are located near the nose and drain into the nasal cavity
43
sputum
the substance released by coughing or clearing the throat; expectoration. It may contain a variety of material from the respiratory tract
44
surfactant
a substance that decreases surface tension within the alveoli and eases lung expansion.
45
trachea
the air passageway that extends from the larynx to the bronchi (root: trache/o)
46
turbinate bones
the bony projections in the nasal cavity that contain receptors for the sense of smell. Also called conchae (KON-kē)
47
vocal folds
membranous folds on either side of the larynx that are important in speech production. Also called vocal folds
48
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
pulmonary edema that can lead rapidly to fatal respiratory failure; causes include trauma, aspiration into the lungs, viral pneumonia, and drug reactions; shock lung
49
acute rhinitis
inflammation of the nasal mucosa with sneezing, tearing, and profuse secretion of watery mucus, as seen in the common cold
50
aspiration
the accidental inhalation of food or other foreign material into the lungs. Also means the withdrawal of fluid from a cavity by suction
51
asthma
a disease characterized by dyspnea and wheezing caused by spasm of the bronchial tubes or swelling of their mucous membranes
52
bronchitis
inflammation of a bronchus
53
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
any of a group of chronic, progressive, and debilitating respiratory diseases, which includes emphysema, asthma, bronchitis, and bronchiectasis
54
cyanosis
bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen in the blood (adjective: cyanotic)
55
cystic fibrosis (CF)
an inherited disease that affects the pancreas, respiratory system, and sweat glands. Characterized by mucus accumulation in the bronchi causing obstruction and leading to infection
56
dyspnea
difficult or labored breathing, sometimes with pain; “air hunger”
57
emphysema
a chronic pulmonary disease characterized by enlargement and destruction of the alveoli
58
hemoptysis
the spitting of blood from the mouth or respiratory tract (ptysis means “spitting”)
59
hyperventilation
increased rate and depth of breathing; increase in the amount of air entering the alveoli
60
hypoventilation
condition in which the amount of air entering the alveoli is insufficient to meet metabolic needs and blood carbon dioxide increases to levels above normal
61
influenza
an acute, contagious respiratory infection causing fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain; “flu”
62
pertussis
an acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough ending in a whooping inspiration; whooping cough
63
pleural effusion
accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. The fluid may contain blood (hemothorax) or pus (pyothorax or empyema)
64
pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura; pleuritis. A symptom of pleurisy is sharp pain on breathing
65
pneumoconiosis
disease of the respiratory tract caused by inhalation of dust particles. Named more specifically by the type of dust inhaled, such as silicosis, anthracosis, asbestosis
66
pneumonia
inflammation of the lungs generally caused by infection. May involve the bronchioles and alveoli (bronchopneumonia) or one or more lobes of the lung (lobar pneumonia)
67
pneumonitis
inflammation of the lungs; may follow infection or be caused by asthma, allergy, or inhalation of irritants
68
pneumothorax
accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space. May result from injury or disease or may be produced artificially to collapse a lung
69
pyothorax
accumulation of pus in the pleural space; empyema
70
respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
a respiratory disorder that affects premature infants born without enough surfactant in the lungs. It is treated with respiratory support and surfactant administration
71
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
the sudden and unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant; crib death
72
tuberculosis
an infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Often involves the lungs but may involve other parts of the body as well. Miliary (MIL-ē-ar-ē) tuberculosis is an acute generalized form of the disease with formation of minute tubercles that resemble millet seeds
73
arterial blood gases (ABGs)
the concentrations of gases, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, in arterial blood. Reported as the partial pressure (P) of the gas in arterial (a) blood, such as PaO2 or PaCO2. These measurements are important in measuring acid–base balance
74
bronchoscope
an endoscope used to examine the tracheobronchial passageways. Also allows access for biopsy of tissue or removal of a foreign object
75
lung scan
study based on the accumulation of radioactive isotope in lung tissue. A ventilation scan measures ventilation after inhalation of radioactive material. A perfusion scan measures blood supply to the lungs after injection of radioactive material. Also called a pulmonary scintiscan
76
pulse oximetry
determination of the oxygen saturation of arterial blood by means of a photoelectric apparatus (oximeter), usually placed on the finger or the ear; reported as SpO2 in percent
77
pulmonary function tests
tests done to assess breathing, usually by spirometry
78
spirometer
an apparatus used to measure breathing volumes and capacities; record of test is a spirogram
79
thoracentesis
surgical puncture of the chest for removal of air or fluids, such as may accumulate after surgery or as a result of injury, infection, or cardiovascular problems. Also called thoracocentesis
80
tuberculin test
a skin test for tuberculosis. Tuberculin (PPD), the test material made from products of the tuberculosis organism, is injected below the skin. A hard, raised lump appearing with 48 to 72 hours indicates an active or inactive TB infection. Also called the Mantoux (man-TOO) test
81
ABG(s)
arterial blood gas(es)
82
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome; shock lung
83
ARF
acute respiratory failure
84
BS
breath sounds
85
CF
cystic fibrosis
86
CO2
carbon dioxide
87
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
88
LLL
lower left lobe (of lung)
89
LUL
left upper lobe (of lung)
90
O2
oxygen
91
PaCO2
arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide
92
PaO2
arterial partial pressure of oxygen
93
RLL
right lower lobe (of lung)
94
RML
right middle lobe (of lung)
95
RUL
right upper lobe (of lung)
96
SIDS
sudden infant death syndrome
97
SpO2
oxygen percent saturation
98
TB
tuberculosis
