Chapter 12 - Shock

Question 1

Shock

Answer 1

Describes a state of collapse and failure of the cardiovascular system

Question 2

Homeostasis

Answer 2

A balance of all systems of the body

Question 3

Perfusion

Answer 3

The circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells’ current needs for oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal.

Question 4

The cardiovascular system consists of three parts:

Answer 4

The pump (heart)
The container (vessels)
The contents (blood)

Question 5

Pulse pressure

Answer 5

Is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures
(Systolic - diastolic= pulse pressure)

Question 6

How is blood flow regulated through the capillary beds?

Answer 6

Capillary sphincters 
(Circular muscular walls that constrict and dilate.

Question 7

What controls the capillary sphincters?

Answer 7

The autonomic nervous system

Question 8

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

Answer 8

Regulates involuntary functions such as sweating and digestion.

Question 9

Pump failure consists of what kind of shock?

Answer 9

Cardiogenic shock

Obstructive shock

Question 10

Poor vessel function consists of what kind of shock?

Answer 10

Distributive shock

Question 11

Low fluid volume consists of what kind of shock?

Answer 11

Hypovolemic shock

Question 12

Cardiogenic shock

Answer 12

Caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump failure.

Question 13

Edema

Answer 13

The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of affected area.

Question 14

Myocardial contractility

Answer 14

The ability of the heart muscle to contract

Question 15

Preload

Answer 15

The precontraction pressure

Question 16

After load

Answer 16

The force of resistance against which the heart pumps.

Question 17

Obstructive shock

Answer 17

Caused by a mechanical obstruction which prevents an adequate volume of blood to fill the heart chambers.

Question 18

Pericardial effusion

Answer 18

A collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium.

Question 19

Cardiac tamponade

Answer 19

When the fluid from the pericardial effusion becomes larg enough to prevent the ventricles from filling with blood.

Question 20

Pulmonary embolism

Answer 20

The blood clot that occurs in the pulmonary circulation and blocks the flow of blood through the pulmonary vessels

Question 21

Distributive shock

Answer 21

Results when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venues, or both.

Question 22

Septic shock

Answer 22

Occurs as a result of severe infections, usually bacterial, in which toxins (poisons) are generated by the bacteria or by infected body tissues.

Question 23

Neurogenic shock

Answer 23

Usually result of high spinal cord injury.

Question 24

Anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock

Answer 24

Occurs when a person reacts violently to a substance to which he or she has been sensitized.

Question 25

Sensitization

Answer 25

Means becoming sensitive to a substance that did not initially cause a reaction.

Question 26

Cyanosis

Answer 26

Blue discoloration of the skin

Question 27

Psychogenic shock

Answer 27

A sudden reaction fo the nervous system that produces a temporary, generalized vascular dilation, resulting in fainting

Question 28

Syncope

Answer 28

Fainting

Question 29

Hypovolemic shock

Answer 29

Result of an inadequate amount of fluid or volume in the circulatory system. Can also occur when there are thermal burns

Question 30

Compensated shock

Answer 30

The early stage of shock while the body can still compensate for blood loss

Question 31

Decompensated shock

Answer 31

The late stage when blood pressure is falling.