Chapter 12 terms

Question 1

new monarchies

Answer 1

france, england, spain, and germany made new monarchies to centralize their government

Question 2

civic humanism

Answer 2

belief that people need to be involved with politics and state

Question 3

entrepreneur

Answer 3

organizes and operates a business

Question 4

estates

Answer 4

social hierarchy divided in 3 estates (1-clergy, 2-nobility, 3-peasants)

Question 5

hermeticism

Answer 5

religious tradition based on writings of hermes trismegistus

Question 6

humanism

Answer 6

focus more on human based life rather than religion aspect, liberal arts and humanities

Question 7

individualism

Answer 7

people were secular from the church, could do anything by themselves

Question 8

neo-platonism

Answer 8

following plato about philosophy and recognised the great chain of being, plato in christianity

Question 9

nepotism

Answer 9

favoring relatives or friends by giving them jobs

Question 10

pantheism

Answer 10

seeing divinity in all aspects of life

Question 11

renaissance

Answer 11

rebirth of everything, started in florence (1400),

Question 12

secularism

Answer 12

separation from church

Question 13

leonardo bruni

Answer 13

humanist, wrote about cicero, “the renaissance man”

Question 14

erasmus

Answer 14

humanist, talked about church, dutch, stayed with henry VIII, supported Luther, wanted to reform but not destroy catholicism, infuenced luther

Question 15

hanseatic league

Answer 15

middle low german area, confederation that was composed of merchant towns, flanders-most important trade centers

Question 16

lorenzo valla

Answer 16

italian humanist and educator that exposed historical hoaxes

Question 17

johannes gutenberg

Answer 17

invented printing press

Question 18

first estate

Answer 18

clergy

Question 19

l’uomo universale

Answer 19

renaissance man

Question 20

third estate

Answer 20

peasants

Question 21

medici family

Answer 21

cloth; commerce; realestate; banking; controlled florence (cosimo and his grandson lorenzos)

Question 22

mirandolo, oration on the dignity of man

Answer 22

wrote about the great chain man

Question 23

castiglione, book of a courtier

Answer 23

wrote about renaissance man

Question 24

machiavelli, the prince

Answer 24

prince should be feared than loved, kicked out of florence, forced to give up politics

Question 25

michaelangelo

Answer 25

david, pieta, sistine chapel

Question 26

raphael

Answer 26

inspired by michaelangelo, school of athens

Question 27

da vinci

Answer 27

closest thing to renaissance man drew anatomy of human body (arms), monalissa, inventions, left handed, wrote backwards, and didn't talk about his work

Question 28

isabella d'Este

Answer 28

first feminist, ruled mantua when husband died, intellectual, "first lady of the world"

Question 29

lollards

Answer 29

followers of john wyclif (see below)

Question 30

john wyclif

Answer 30

attacked the papacy and christian beliefs in the medieval period denounced their temporal authority

Question 31

john hus

Answer 31

attacked excessive power of the papcy within the church, declared free, but then died, hussite wars

Question 32

hussite wars

Answer 32

caused by john hus death

Question 33

frequens

Answer 33

said that the church woul;d convene to ensure that the church was still reforming

Question 34

sacrosancta

Answer 34

stated that a general council of the church received its authority

Question 35

regiomantanus

Answer 35

lunar distances used to determine longitude of sea

Question 36

war of roses

Answer 36

england, lancaster and york to fight for english crown, lancaster won: became henry tudor (VII)

Question 37

Charles VII

Answer 37

dauphin see above

Question 38

Louis XI

Answer 38

king, universal spider, got a bunch of land when father died (Charles VII) France

Question 39

Ferdinand and Isabella

Answer 39

inquisition, royal councils: chose their own clergymen, | "Spanishness"

Question 40

Maximilian I

Answer 40

became holy roman emperor, tried to centralize parliament administratrion, (

Question 41

Charles V

Answer 41

son of philip and joanna, ruler of habsburd, burgundian, and spanish territories. habsburg-valois wars with francis I (wanted to be HRE)- surrounded by charles V's territories (wants unification under catholicism) etc

Question 42

Tudors

Answer 42

Henry Tudors eliminated livery and maintenance, established star chamber (Henry VII)

Question 43

livery and maintenance

Answer 43

practice by which wealthy aristocrats maintained private armies of followers dedicated to the service of their lord

Question 44

star chamber

Answer 44

did not use juries and allowed torture to be used to extract confessions

Question 45

Henry VIII

Answer 45

annulment; act of supremacy; treason act; anglican church; wives: catherine of aragon, anne boleyn, jane seymour, anne cleves, catherine howard, catherine parr (lived, beheaded, died, lived, beheaded, survived)

Question 46

moriscos

Answer 46

people of muslim background who converted to catholicism during the inquisition

Question 47

marranos

Answer 47

people of jewish background who converted to catholicism during the inquisition

Question 48

hasbsburgs

Answer 48

holy roman empire remained in the hands of the habsburg dynasty, see maximilian and Charles V

Question 49

spanish inquisition

Answer 49

Ferdinand and Isabella asked the pope to introduce the inquisition into spain in 1478 (under royal control); killed moriscos and marranos to purify spain

Question 50

charles the bold

Answer 50

duke of burgundy, attempted to create middle kingdom between france and germany, died fighting the swiss- Louis XI added Charles the bold's possessions to his own lands

Question 51

pope julius II

Answer 51

warrior pope- most involved in war and politics