Chapter 12 Test (Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems)

Question 1

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system? (4)

Answer 1

• transport blood through body/cells
• carries oxygen and nutrients to cells
• removes carbon dioxide and waste from body/cells
• fights disease

Question 2

What 3 things does the cardiovascular system consist of?

Answer 2

• heart
• blood
• blood vessels

Question 3

How many heartbeats do we approximately have in our lifetime?

Answer 3

2.5 billion beats

Question 4

What does the 1st loop of the blood vessels in the cardiovascular system do?

Answer 4

It leads from the heart to lungs where blood releases carbon dioxide, it picks up oxygen and returns to the heart.

Question 5

What does the 2nd loop of the blood vessels in the cardiovascular system do?

Answer 5

Goes to the rest of the body delivering oxygen and nutrients and picks up waste.

Question 6

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

Answer 6

• atrium
• ventricles
• septum
• valves

Question 7

Smaller chambers on top - receives the blood entering the heart

Answer 7

Atrium

Question 8

Electrical impulses generated in the atrium moving blood to the ventricles

Answer 8

Pacemaker

Question 9

Larger chambers on the bottom - pump blood to the body

Answer 9

Ventricles

Question 10

Wall of tissue that separates the atria and ventricles.

Answer 10

Septum

Question 11

Between the atria and ventricles - controls blood flow (one way)

Answer 11

Valves

Question 12

How is heartbeat sound produced?

Answer 12

The opening and closing of the valves

Question 13

What does blood do? (2)

Answer 13

• Delivers oxygen, hormones, and nutrients, to cells.
• carries away waste

Question 14

Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

Answer 14

Form in the marrow of the bone

Question 15

Oxygen carrying protein in blood cells

Answer 15

Hemoglobin

Question 16

Produced in yellow marrow of bone

Answer 16

White Blood Cells (WBCs)

Question 17

What is the main role of white blood cells?

Answer 17

Protect body against infections

Question 18

What are the 3 types of blood vessels?

Answer 18

• arteries
• capillaries
• veins

Question 19

Blood vessels that take blood away from the heart (contain oxygen)

Answer 19

Arteries

Question 20

What are the 4 types of arteries?

Answer 20

• aortic: main artery (heart)
• femoral: leg artery
• brachial: artery in arms
• carotid: artery of neck/head

Question 21

Smallest vessels that connect arteries to veins/ surrounding tissues (contains oxygen)

Answer 21

Capillaries

Question 22

Blood vessels that return blood to the heart (purple color, no oxygen)

Answer 22

Veins

Question 23

Which is the only blood vessel that doesnt contain oxygen?

Answer 23

Veins

Question 24

Force with which the blood pushes against the walls of your blood vessels

Answer 24

Blood Pressure

Question 25

What is the normal range of blood pressure?

Answer 25

90/60 to 119/79

Question 26

How much blood does an adult typically have in their body?

Answer 26

4-6 quarts

Question 27

What are the 4 components of blood?

Answer 27

- plasma - red blood cells - white blood cells - platelets

Question 28

What determines your blood type?

Answer 28

The different proteins present and the sense or absence of the RH factor protein

Question 29

What percentage of people have RH positive blood?**

Answer 29

85%

Question 30

The drawing of blood in cases of injury, surgery, or illness

Answer 30

Transfusions

Question 31

What is the universal donor type of blood?***

Answer 31

O negative blood

Question 32

What is the most common blood type?

Answer 32

O positive

Question 33

What is the rarest blood type?

Answer 33

AB negative

Question 34

The “silent killer”****

Answer 34

Hypertension** (high blood pressure) asymptomatic

Question 35

What does asymptomatic mean?

Answer 35

There are no signs or symptoms of the illness

Question 36

Transports cholesterol to body tissues for storage *bad*

Answer 36

Low density lipoprotein (LDL)

Question 37

Picks up excess cholesterol from body tissues and carry to liver *good*

Answer 37

High density lipoprotein (HDL)

Question 38

Hardening and thickening of the arteries due to plaque build up

Answer 38

Coronary heart disease/astheroclerosis

Question 39

A blockage of the blood flow to the heart muscles

Answer 39

Heart attack

Question 40

Damage to the brain from blockage/rupture of its blood supply to the brain

Answer 40

Stroke

Question 41

What are causes of cardiovascular diseases? (4)

Answer 41

- smoking - little exercise - too much saturated fat/diet - alcohol

Question 42

Things to prevent cardiovascular diseases (3)

Answer 42

- exercise - avoid smoking - low fat/plant based diet

Question 43

What are the functions of the respiratory system? (2)

Answer 43

- brings oxygen to the body - removes carbon dioxide from the body

Question 44

What is the pathway to air? (6) (IN ORDER)**

Answer 44

1. Nose 2. Pharynx 3. Trachea 4. Bronchus 5. Lungs 6. Exits as carbon dioxide

Question 45

Gas exchange process

Answer 45

At the end of small tubes in lungs - tiny sacs called alveoli where gases are exchanged (*oxygen/carbon dioxide)

Question 46

Breathing process: 2 steps

Answer 46

1. Inhalation: air flows in through diaphragm (dome shaped muscle) 2. Exhalation: air goes out through diaphragm

Question 47

How to keep respiratory system healthy?

Answer 47

- avoid smoking - avoid air pollution - exercise - healthy body weight

Question 48

What are common respiratory system problems? (3)

Answer 48

- asthma - bronchitis - pneumonia

Question 49

Respiratory disorder where your airways become inflamed creating excess mucus

Answer 49

Asthma

Question 50

Inflation of the mucus membranes lining the bronchi

Answer 50

Bronchitis

Question 51

Lung inflammation caused by a bacterial or vital infection, in which air sacs fill with pus and may become solid

Answer 51

Pneumonia