Chapter 12- The establishment of Bolshevik government

Question 1

when did Lenin return from Switzerland

Answer 1

3rd April 1917

Question 2

what did Lenin’s April theses demand

Answer 2

power should be transferred to soviets

war should be bought to an immediate end

all land should be seized by state and distributed to peasants

Question 3

what slogan summed up the April theses

Answer 3

peace , bread and land

Question 4

what slogan stressed Lenin wanted no cooperation with provisional government

Answer 4

all power to the soviets

Question 5

why were there doubts over Lenin’s return

Answer 5

feared he had grown out of touch

theories he was being payed by germans

unrealistic to oppose provisional government (still a minority)

some Bolsheviks supported provisional government

Question 6

how many Bolsheviks were there by Lenin’s return

Answer 6

only 26,000

Question 7

who are examples of Bolsheviks who favoured working with provisional government before lenins return

Answer 7

Stalin, Lev Kamenev

Question 8

when was the first meeting of the ‘All- Russian congress of soviets’ and what did it vote over

Answer 8

3rd June 1917

if there was confidence in provisional government

Question 9

what were the results of the vote of confidence in provisional government by ARCS

Answer 9

543 for

126 against

Question 10

what were the July days

Answer 10

riots over poor living conditions in Russia

Question 11

how many armed sailors from Kronsdadt joined the July days

Answer 11

20,000

Question 12

what was the effects of the July days on the Bolsheviks

Answer 12

accused of stirring them up

leading members such as Trotsky were gaoled

bolshevik propaganda burned

head offices of Pravda shut down

Question 13

what was the Kornilov coup

Answer 13

Bolsheviks released from gaols and took to the streets with sailors, soldiers, workers etc

Kerensky thought this was in support for provisional government and supplied them with weapons

Bolsheviks used their ‘Red guards’ to lead these armies for their benefit

Question 14

how did bolshevik support increase from June-december 1917

Answer 14

rose 164%

Question 15

how did bolshevik membership increase from February-october 1917

Answer 15

26,000- 200,000

Question 16

how many newspapers were the bolsheviks producing by October 1917

Answer 16

41

Question 17

how many of the red guards were in Moscow’s factories by October 1917

Answer 17

10,000

Question 18

when ddi the Bolsheviks win a majority in the Petrograd soviet

Answer 18

september 1917

Question 19

by September where did the bolsheviks hold a majority

Answer 19

Petrograd and Moscow soviets

Question 20

who became chairman of the Petrograd soviet on 21 September

Answer 20

Trotsky

Question 21

when did Lenin secretly return to Petrograd from Finland

Answer 21

7th October 1917

Question 22

what led to the Bolsheviks claiming the provisional government were abandoning Moscow to allow the germans to take control

Answer 22

Kerensky sent radical army units out of Moscow to prevent bolshevik uprising

Question 23

what did the bolsheviks set up on 9th October using the excuse that kerenky was allowing Moscow to go to germans

Answer 23

military revolutionary committee

Question 24

how many troops did the military revolutionary committee hold

Answer 24

200,000 red guards

60,000 baltic sailors

150,000 Petrograd garrison soldiers

Question 25

when did Lenin finally persuade central committee of bolsheviks to start an armed revolution

Answer 25

10th October

Question 26

on 10th October hoe many bolsheviks in the central committee voted for a revolution and how many voted against

Answer 26

10 for 2 against (Zinoviev, Kamanev)

Question 27

when did 5,000 soldiers from the Kornstadt and red guards seize key positions in Moscow

Answer 27

24-25th October

Question 28

how did Kerensky escape from Moscow

Answer 28

disguised as nurse and borrowed car from US embassy

Question 29

what did the provisional government do after Kerensky fled

Answer 29

called emergency meeting at winter palace on 25th October

Question 30

when was the storming of the winter palace

Answer 30

25th October

Question 31

when did the second all Russian congress of soviets hold their first congress

Answer 31

26th October

Question 32

how many delegates were at the first meeting of the second ARCS and how many voted in favour of socialist government

Answer 32

670 500 voted for

Question 33

who did most of the seats of the new executive committee go to and what ws the 'moderates' response

Answer 33

mainly bolshevik and extreme LW SR's moderates stormed out leaving LW monopoly

Question 34

what did the new executive committee establish as new government

Answer 34

'Soviet of people's commissars' aka Sovnarkom

Question 35

what roles did Lenin and Trotsky hold in the sovnarkom

Answer 35

lenin- chairman Trotsky- commissar for foreign affairs

Question 36

what decrees did Lenin pass in October

Answer 36

27th October- decree on peace- ended war 27th October- decree on land- peasants seized land from landlords

Question 37

what decrees did Lenin pass in November

Answer 37

workers control decree- workers could 'supervise management' nationality decree- self-determination to non Russian sin empire (Finland independent by december) new legal system- elected courts used discrimination- women could buy property decree against titles- all became 'citizens'

Question 38

what decrees did Lenin pass in December

Answer 38

military decree- removed class ranks- officers elected by soldiers soviets decrees on church- nationalised church land- divorce and marriage taken out of church control bank decrees- banks nationalised

Question 39

where did Kerensky set up his headquarters after fleeing Moscow

Answer 39

Gatchina

Question 40

what was the army Kerensky set up made up of

Answer 40

18 cossack regiments small force of SR and Cadet officers

Question 41

what was the furthest Lenin went in the 'coalition' with other socialist parties

Answer 41

let LW SR's to join sovnarkom but made it clear they had to follow Bolshevik lead

Question 42

how did Lenin combat opposition

Answer 42

propaganda against burzhui closed anti-bolshevik newspapers purged civil service established Cheka imprisoned leading kadets, RW SR's and Mensheviks

Question 43

what were the results of the November1918 election for constituent assembly

Answer 43

SR's- 21.8 m votes, 410 seats, 53% Bolsheviks- 10m, 175 seats, 24%

Question 44

what did Lenin say after bolsheviks lost constituent assembly election

Answer 44

'we must not be deceived by the election figures. Elections prove nothing'

Question 45

how many times did the elected constituent assemble meet before it was dissolved by Lenin

Answer 45

once on fifth January 1918