Chapter 12: The Eukaryotes, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa and Helminths

Question 1

The study of fungi

Answer 1

Mycology

Question 2

-Molds and fleshy fungi
-The fungal thallus consists of hyphae; a mass of hyphae is a mycelium

Answer 2

Vegetative growth

Question 3

Unicellular fungi

Answer 3

Yeasts

Question 4

Filaments which make up the thallus

Answer 4

Hyphae

Question 5

The body of a mold of fungus

Answer 5

Thallus

Question 6

The vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae

Answer 6

Mycelium

Question 7

Reproductive structure

Answer 7

Spores

Question 8

-Sac fungi
-Aspergillus (opportunistic, systemic mycosis)

Answer 8

Ascomycota

Question 9

(*A.D.A.M.) Aspergillosis is caused by a fungus (Aspergillus ). The fungus is commonly found growing on dead leaves, stored grain, compost piles, or in other decaying vegetation. It can also be found on marijuana leaves.

Answer 9

Aspergillosis

Question 10

Symptoms:
Cough
Coughing up blood or brownish mucus plugs
Wheezing
Fever
General ill feeling (malaise)
Weight loss

Answer 10

Aspergillosis

Question 11

-Coccidioides, Pneumocystis (systemic mycoses)
-Candida albicans (cutaneous mycoses)

Answer 11

Anamorphs

Question 12

-Causative agent: Coccidioides immitis
-Reservoir: desert soils of American Southwest
-Symptoms: fever, coughing, weight loss
-Diagnosis: serological tests
-Treatment: amphotericin B

Answer 12

Coccidioidomycosis

Question 13

-Causative agent: Pneumocystis jirovecii
-Reservoir: unknown; possibly humans or soil
-Symptoms: pneumonia
-Diagnosis: microscopy
-Treatment: trimethoprim

Answer 13

Pneumocystis pneumonia

Question 14

*Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), is the most common opportunistic infection in persons with HIV infection.

Answer 14

Pnemocystis pneumonia

Question 15

-May cause yeast infections of the skin, mouth, vagina, GI tract
-Diabetics and patients with HIV/AIDS at significant risk

Answer 15

Candida albicans

Question 16

Club fungi
Cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 16

Basidiomycota

Question 17

(*CDC)Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungus that lives in the environment
-People can become infected with C. neoformans after breathing in the microscopic fungus
-Most cases occur in people who have weakened immune systems, particularly those who have advanced HIV/AIDS.
-Signs & Symptoms: Abnormal breath sounds, fast heart rate, fever, mental status changes, stiff neck

Answer 17

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 18

The name of a group of diseases caused by a fungus
-include ringworm, athlete’s foot and jock itch

Answer 18

Tinea

Question 19

deep within body

Answer 19

Systemic mycoses

Question 20

beneath the skin

Answer 20

Subcutaneous mycoses

Question 21

affect hair, skin and nails

Answer 21

Cutaneous mycoses

Question 22

localized, e.g., hair shafts

Answer 22

Superficial mycoses

Question 23

caused by normal microbiota or environmental fungi

Answer 23

Opportunistic mycoses

Question 24

-Mutualistic combination of an alga (or cyanobacterium) and fungus
-Alga produces and secretes carbohydrates; fungus provides holdfast

Answer 24

Lichens

Question 25

Brown algae (kelp)

Answer 25

Phaephyta

Question 26

Red Algae Harvested for agar

Answer 26

Rhodphyta

Question 27

Green algae Gave rise to plants

Answer 27

Chlorophyta

Question 28

-silica cell walls *Plankton *Diatomaceous earth used as filtering agent *Silica used as polishing compound

Answer 28

Diatoms

Question 29

Neurotoxins cause paralytic shellfish poisoning *Redtide

Answer 29

Dinoflagellates

Question 30

Giardia lamblia

Answer 30

Diplomonads

Question 31

A microscopic parasite that causes the diarrheal illness known as giardiasis. Is found on surfaces or in soil, food, or water that has been contaminated with feces from infected humans or animals.

Answer 31

Giardia

Question 32

A microscopic parasite that causes the diarrheal illness known as giardiasis. Is found on surfaces or in soil, food, or water that has been contaminated with feces from infected humans or animals.

Answer 32

Giardia

Question 33

-Protected by an outer shell that allows it to survive outside the body for long periods of time and makes it tolerant to chlorine disinfection. -Water (drinking water and recreational water) is the most common mode of transmission.

Answer 33

Giardia

Question 34

Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 34

Parabasalids

Question 35

-A very common sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is caused by infection with a protozoan parasite called _____ _____. 70% have no S&S -Men may feel itching or irritation inside the penis, burning after urination or ejaculation, or some discharge from the penis. -Women may notice itching, burning, redness or soreness of the genitals, discomfort with urination, or a thin discharge with an unusual smell that can be clear, white, yellowish, or greenish.

Answer 35

Trichomoniasis Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 36

Trypanosoma spp. Sleeping sickness Chagas’ disease

Answer 36

Euglenozoa

Question 37

Move by pseudopods Entamoeba

Answer 37

Amebae

Question 38

-Entamoeba histolytica invades the colon wall, causing colitis, acute dysentery, or long-term (chronic) diarrhea. -The infection can also spread through the blood to the liver. In rare cases, it can spread to the lungs, brain, or other organs.

Answer 38

Amebiasis

Question 39

-Caused by Toxoplasma gondii -If a pregnant woman accidentally ingests oocysts (contacted when changing a cat litter box), prenatal infection of the fetus may occur. *Can cause schizophrenia or bipolar disorder

Answer 39

Toxoplasmosis

Question 40

-Pin worms -Although pinworm infection can affect all people, it most commonly occurs among children, institutionalized persons, and household members of persons with pinworm infection. -Pinworm infection is treatable with over-the-counter or prescription medication, but reinfection, which occurs easily, should be prevented.

Answer 40

Enterobius vermicularis

Question 41

-A disease that people can get by eating raw or undercooked meat from animals infected with the microscopic parasite. -Signs and Symptoms: Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain Muscle pain, fever, swelling of the face, particularly the eyes,weakness or fatigue

Answer 41

Trichinella spiralis

Question 42

-May transmit diseases (vectors) -Kingdom: Animalia -Phylum: Arthropoda (exoskeleton, jointed legs)

Answer 42

Anthropods as Vectors