Chapter 12 - The Skeleton Flashcards
What are long bones?
The bones in the body which consist of a shaft containing a marrow cavity of yellow marrow and enlarged ends containing spongy bone filled with red marrow.
What are some examples of long bones?
- femur
- humerus
- tibia
- metacarpals
What are short bones?
Cube shaped bones that give strength with reduced movement.
What are some examples of short bones?
- carpals
- tarsals
What are flat bones?
Broad, flat plates that provide protection and a surface for the attachment of muscles.
What are some examples of flat bones?
- skull
- scapula
What are irregular bones?
Bones that are not long, short or broad.
What are some examples of irregular bones?
- vertebrae
- facial bones
- mandible
What is the diaphysis of a long bone?
- the main portion of the bone
- hollow cylinder of compact bone surrounded by the cavity
What is the epiphyses of a long bone?
- enlarged ends or the bone
What is the articular cartilage of a long bone?
- thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers each epiphyses
What is the cavity of a long bone?
- used for fat storage (yellow marrow)
What is the periosteum of a long bone?
- the dense white fibrous covering over the surface of the diaphysis
Where does red blood cell production occur in the bone?
- red blood marrow (in the epiphyses)
What are the functions of bone?
- support
- framework for movement
- protection
- production of blood cells
- storage of minerals
- endocrine regulation
What are the types of joints?
- cartilaginous joints (slightly movable)
- synovial joints (freely movable)
- fixed joints (immovable)
What are the types of synovial joints?
- ball and socket
- hinge
- pivot
- gliding
- saddle
- condyloid
What are the characteristics of fixed joints?
- allow no movement between bones
- the bones are held together with fibrous connective tissue
What are some examples of fixed joints?
- sutures of the skull
- teeth in their sockets
What are the characteristics of cartilaginous joints?
- joints made up of bones which are connected to each other by pads of cartilage and which can only move a small amount.
What are some examples of cartilaginous joints?
- joints between the vertebrae
What are the characteristics of synovial joints?
- movable joint containing a lubricating fluid called synovial fluid
- allow a lot of movement between the bones
- found predominantly in limbs where mobility is important
- ligaments help provide their stability and muscles contract to produce movement
What are some examples of synovial joints?
- knee
- hip
What are some examples of ball and socket joints?
- hip
- shoulder
