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Biology > Chapter 12 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

virus that infects bacteria

A

Bacteriophage

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2
Q

monomer of nuclei can acids, made up of 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous base

A

Nucleotide

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3
Q

principle that states that DNA bonds can only form between adenine and thymine, and cytosine and guanine

A

Base pairing

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4
Q

visible in nucleus, DNA coiled around proteins

A

Chromatin

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5
Q

globular protein that has DNA coiled around it

A

Histone

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6
Q

cell duplicates its DNA

A

Replication

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7
Q

enzyme which proofreads new strands of DNA, helping make sure the copy is nearly identical to the original

A

DNA polymerase

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8
Q

DNA that codes for a protein and determines a trait

A

Gene

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9
Q

molecule of RNA that carries copies of instructions to make amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell

A

mRNA

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10
Q

type of RNA that makes up most of the ribosome

A

Ribosomal RNA

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11
Q

type of RNA that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

A

tRNA

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12
Q

part of nucleotide order of DNA is copied into complementary order in RNA

A

Transcription

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13
Q

enzyme like DNA polymerase that connects to DNA and separates the strands during transcription

A

RNA polymerase

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14
Q

part of DNA that tells the enzyme where to bind to make RNA

A

Promoter

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15
Q

does not code for a trait, intervening sequence of DNA

A

Intron

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16
Q

codes for a protein, sequence of DNA that is expressed

A

Exon

17
Q

3-nucleotide sequence on RNA that codes for one amino acid

A

Codon

18
Q

decoding of mRNA message to polypeptide chain

A

Translation

19
Q

three bases grouped together on a tRNA that complement mRNA codon

A

Anticodon

20
Q

change in the sequence of DNA that affects genetic information

A

Mutation

21
Q

mutation that affects one nucleotide, by substituting one for another

A

Point mutation

22
Q

mutation that shifts the reading frame, inserts or deletes a nucleotide

A

Frameshift mutation

23
Q

organism has an extra set of chromosomes

A

Polyploidy

24
Q

group of genes working together

A

Operon

25
Q

in an operon, the region of chromosome where the depressor binds and the operon is “turned off”

A

Operator

26
Q

process when cells become specialized in structure and function

A

Differentiation

27
Q

genes that control the organs and tissues that grow in an embryo

A

Hox genes

28
Q

one strain of bacteria is changed by genes form another bacteria

A

Transformation

Biology (19 decks)

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