Chapter 13

Question 1

Define a host range

Answer 1

What host cells a virus can infect

Question 2

How do receptors determine what cells a virus and infects

Answer 2

By specific attachment sites and cellular functions

Question 3

Define a bacteriophage

Answer 3

Virus that only infect bacteria

Question 4

Define zoonotic

Answer 4

Disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans

Question 5

What are examples of infections from zoonotic

Answer 5

Rabies
Cowpox
Anthrax
SARS

Question 6

Define a virion

Answer 6

Complete, fully developed viral particle (infectious form of virus outside cell)

Question 7

What is the capsid in a virus

Answer 7

Protein coat made of capsomeres subunits- that surround the core of the virus

Question 8

What are the three shapes of of a virus

Answer 8

Helical
Polyhedral
Complex

Question 9

What is capsomere

Answer 9

Protein subunit

Question 10

What are nucleic acids in a virus

Answer 10

DNA or RNA

Question 11

What are examples of enveloped viruses

Answer 11

Herpes,Mumps,Measles

Question 12

What are examples of naked viruses

Answer 12

HPV, Polio, Rhinovirus

Question 13

What is the taxonomy of viruses

Answer 13

Order name ends in- ales
Family name ends in- viridae
Genus name ends in- virus

Question 14

Define viral species

Answer 14

A group of viruses sharing the same genetic information and ecological niche( host)

Question 15

How are subspecies designed

Answer 15

By a number

Question 16

Define acute infection

Answer 16

Burst of virus/ Virions released from infected host cells

Question 17

Examples of acute infection

Answer 17

Polio, Ebola, Flu

Question 18

Define Latent

Answer 18

Viral genome remains silent, can reactivate later causing a productive infection

Question 19

Examples of a latent infection

Answer 19

Chicken pox, shingles

Question 20

Define persistent( Chronic)

Answer 20

Gradual infection over a long period

Question 21

Examples of persistent ( chronic)

Answer 21

HIV, Liver cancer

Question 22

What are spikes

Answer 22

Projections from outer surface

Question 23

Why are enveloped viruses harder to get rid of

Answer 23

Made of host cell plasma membrane

Question 24

Explain the lyric cycle

Answer 24

Phage causes lysis and death of the host cell, cell brakes open and viruses are released

Question 25

What are the phases of the lytic cycle

Answer 25

``` Attachment Penetration Biosynthesis Maturation Release ```

Question 26

In the attachment phase of the lytic cycle what happens

Answer 26

Phage attaches to the host cell

Question 27

In the penetration stage what happens

Answer 27

Phage lysozyme opens the cell wall, tail sheath contracts to force the tail core of the dna in the cell

Question 28

What happens in the biosynthesis stage

Answer 28

Production of phage dna and proteins

Question 29

What happens in the maturation stage

Answer 29

Assembly of phage particles

Question 30

What happens in the release stage

Answer 30

Phage lysozyme breaks the cell wall and virions are released

Question 31

What happens in the lysogenic cycle

Answer 31

Phage DNA is incorporated in the host DNA Phage Conversion Specialized transduction

Question 32

Requirements for viral multiplication

Answer 32

Invade host cell Take over hosts metabolic machinery One step growth curve

Question 33

Prions are

Answer 33

Proteinaceous infectious particles- inherited and transmissible by ingestion, transplant, and surgical instruments

Question 34

What are the challenges with growing animal viruses

Answer 34

Trying to find a animal

Question 35

What is a oncogenic virus

Answer 35

Virus capable of causing tumors

Question 36

Examples of cancers caused by virus are

Answer 36

Liver cancer adult leukemia lapis’s sarcoma

Question 37

Influenza virus is

Answer 37

Zoonose comes from animals | Enveloped virus, RNA- strand

Question 38

Neuraminidase( NA)

Answer 38

9 subtypes about 100/ virus

Question 39

Hemagglutinin HA

Answer 39

16 subtypes and about 500 viruses major antigen

Question 40

The health related issues with the flu are

Answer 40

Respiratory infections, fever, cough, achy, can cause pneumatic

Question 41

Why do you need to get a new flu shot each year

Answer 41

Evolves rapidly and many types it’s not a one pice if nucleic acid

Question 42

Ebola is a

Answer 42

Enveloped RNA - strand virus

Question 43

What is a viroid

Answer 43

Short piece of naked RNA, no protein coat. Only infects plants/ potato spindle tuber disease

Question 44

How do prions cause disease

Answer 44

By conversion of a normal protein into an infectious from called ( prpsc)

Question 45

How do prions do damage

Answer 45

Plaques of fragments of prpsc molecules form in the Brian