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Entomology flashcards > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

When did scorpions first appear?

A

Silurian Period (~400 mya)
in the fossil record

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2
Q

Scorpions are believed to be related to:

A
  1. now-extinct
    eurypterids (sea scorpion),
  2. large chelicerates that
    lived in estuaries and coastal lagoons from the
    Ordovician Period through the Permian Period
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3
Q

What is the largest and most widespread scorpion family?

A

Buthidae

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4
Q

Buthidae

A

This is the largest and most widespread scorpion family, with 90
currently recognized genera and more than 1,127 valid species.

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5
Q

Important genera of Buthidae

A
  1. Androctonus
  2. Buthus
  3. Leiurus
  4. Hottentotta
  5. Parabuthus
  6. Centruroides
  7. Tityus
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6
Q

Pandinus imperator

A
  1. Also known as Common emperor scorpion are not
    lethal but most often painful.
  2. They pinch the prey then sting using their telson to
    inject the vesicle of venom inside the prey.
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6
Q

Pandinus imperator

A
  1. Also known as Common emperor scorpion are not
    lethal but most often painful.
  2. They pinch the prey then sting using their telson to
    inject the vesicle of venom inside the prey.
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7
Q

Venom (neurotoxins) Of Pandinus imperator may cause

A
  • Inflammation
  • Intense pain for 1 hour
  • Necrosis
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8
Q

Scorpions (Scorpionida) – Morphologies

A

Scorpions are arachnids (with 4 pairs of legs)
whose body comprises a cephalothorax and
abdomen, the posterior of which is extended into
a tail.

The venom is found in the telson (at end of the tail).

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9
Q

What does scorpion venom contain?

A

Scorpion
venom contains several polypeptides which interfere with
neuronal ionic balance and channel activity.

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10
Q

What system does the scorpion venom effect?

A

Stings mostly manifest in the peripheral nervous system resulting
in symptoms such as intense pain at the sting site, altered heart
activity and paraesthesia (neuro and haemotoxic effects) and may
cause death.

note: Scorpion stings to children are much more dangerous and more
often lethal

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11
Q

The most common symptoms of scorpion sting are:

A

nausea * hyperperistalsis
* vomiting * bite-site pain
* Sweating * Blood pressure changes
* Salivation * Heart complications
* urinary retention * Neurological disorder
* Priapism * Seizures (children)

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12
Q

Scorpions (Scorpionida) – Treatment

A

Treatment for Scorpion stings:
* Ice packs can be used to relieve pain and slow
venom spread.
* Contact a qualified health care provider or poison
control center for advice and medical
instructions.
* Remain relaxed and calm.
* Do not take any sedatives.
* Capture the scorpion for identification if it is
possible to do so safely.

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13
Q

What is the order of spider?

A

Araneae

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14
Q

Morphology of araneae

A

Spiders are arachnids with its head and thorax
combined (known as cephalothorax) with four
pairs of legs attached to each side of the
cephalothorax.

The fangs, are used to inject venom into the prey to
immobilize it. The chelicerae work back and forth, tearing
the prey’s exoskeleton.

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15
Q

Name on spider that causes one of the most lethal venom

A

Black widow spider

16
Q

Red-Back Spider

A
  • One of the Widow spiders, it is a dangerous, cannibalistic
    spider.
  • The female spider have potent neurotoxic venom that may
    cause harm to human possibly death.
  • The spider feeds on other insects by wrapping them into
    silk form and bite the prey to envenom the neurotoxin
    along with certain digestive enzymes.
  • Vertical web traps are used as a method to capture it’s
    preys.
17
Q

Describe the venom of Black Widow Spider

A

The venom contains several protein fractions of which
latrotoxin is the neurotoxic fraction.

18
Q

what are the symptoms of the venom caused by black widow spider

A

The most common symptoms include: (start 1-3 hours later)
i. Intense pain
ii. Malaise
iii. Sweating
iv. Oliguria
v. Brady
vi. Tachycardia
vii. Insomnia.

19
Q

The most common symptoms of Red-Back sting
are:

A

Cramping
* Headache
* Nausea
* Vomiting
* Intense localized pain
* Sweating

20
Q

Spiders (Araneae) – Preventive Measures

A

Prevention against Spider sting:
* Check the attic and garage for spider webs.
* Keep firewood outside to prevent spiders from
coming inside. (Spiders build webs in wood piles.)

Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants and gloves
when you are in wooded areas.
* Use an insect repellant on your clothes.

Entomology flashcards (9 decks)

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