Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology 1102 Midterm 2 > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a confederate

A

An individual working with the experimenter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is conformity

A

The extent to which persons modify their behaviour of the surrounding group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do we rely on when interpreting others behaviours

A

External cues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is attribution theory

A

A framework used to explain the actions of others as the result of either disposition Al or situational causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Within the attribution theory there are 2 attributions that can be made what are they

A

Dispositional/internal causes and situational/external causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are dispositional/internal cues

A

When another’s behaviour is assumed to be a result of their personality traits and characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are situational/external causes

A

Whether another’s behaviour is assumed to be a result of environmental causes that are beyond one’s control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the three factors needed when making internal or external attributions

A

Consistency, distinctiveness and consensus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is consistency

A

Whether the behaviour of an individual in a given social situation is similar over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is distinctiveness

A

Whether a person behaves in a similar manner across a variety of situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is consensus

A

Considers the extent to which an individuals behaviour ressembles that of other persons (high) or varies from others (low)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the fundamental attribution error

A

Tendency to attribute the behaviour of others to internal/dispositional causes rather than to external/environmental causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the actor-observer bias

A

One attributes the causes of one’s own behavior to external causes and the behavior of other to internal, dispositional causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a self serving bias

A

Attributing one’s successes to internal causes and one’s failure to external causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is impression formation

A

The process by which a person formulated either positive or negative opinions and feelings about another person or group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is first impression

A

The tendency for our initial impression that we have about other persons to be rapid and enduring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is primacy effect

A

The initial information learned about another person has the strongest effect on impression formation which is most pronounced with the initial information is negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is confirmation bias

A

The tendency to pay attention to information consistent with one’s existing beliefs and ignore or discard information inconsistent with their beliefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a self fulfilling prophecy

A

When expected outcomes regarding the actions of others are more likely to occur because individuals unwittingly act in ways to bring about the behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is social influence

A

A process by which our thoughts and actions are strongly influenced by the prescence of others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are social norms

A

Prescribed behaviours that vary across context, culture and time

22
Q

What is a collectivist society

A

Cultures that place emphasis on the group instead of the individual

23
Q

What are social scripts

A

Learned behaviours that are expected across a variety of situations

24
Q

What is group think

A

Faulty decision making that occurs when high degree of conformity and group cohesion are highly valued, to the exclusion of opposing information and ideas

25
Q

What is out-group

A

The group that a person does not belong to. Members of the out group are assumed to be highly homogeneous

26
Q

What experiment did Zimbardo conduct

A

Prisoner experience/social role experiment

27
Q

What is the bystander effect

A

A person in need is less likely to receive help as the number of people who are present increases

28
Q

What is diffusion of responsibility

A

The number of people present increases, the relative level of accountability of each person decreases. When only one person is present, they assume 100% of the responsibility

29
Q

What is the escalation of commitment

A

The more time one remains in an interpersonal relationship or as a member of a group, despite experiencing increasingly negative outcomes, the more difficult it is to leave the relationship/group

30
Q

What is an attitude

A

Variations in thoughts, ideas and opinions

31
Q

What are the three components of attitudes about a person or object

A

Cognitive, affective and behavioural

32
Q

What is the cognitive component of attitude

A

The thoughts and logic of one’s attitude

33
Q

What is the affective component of attitude

A

The emotional aspect of attitudes

34
Q

What is the behavioural component of attitudes

A

Actions that reflect support for one’s attitudes

35
Q

What is cognitive dissonance

A

When attitudes and behaviours are inconsistent, a state of unease is felt, which the individual is then motivated to reduce

36
Q

What is a stereotype

A

Attitudes and opinions about people based on their group affiliation

37
Q

What does heterogeneous mean

A

When group members are diverse and posses a mix of different characteristics

38
Q

What does homogeneous mean

A

When number of a group are highly similar

39
Q

What is a stereotype threat

A

Occurs when a person or group experiences significant fear of confirming negative expectations about one’s own social group which ultimately adversely affects performance

40
Q

What is prejudice

A

Learned, negative attitudes or opinions that a person has towards certain groups

41
Q

What is discrimination

A

Adverse behaviours directed at groups towards which one holds negative and prejudicial beliefs

42
Q

What is the realistic conflict theory

A

Inter group conflict that occurs when two or more groups are competing over real or perceived scarce ressources. This often leads to feelings of prejudice, extreme dislike and malice towards the competing groups

43
Q

What is the definition of in group

A

The group that a person belongs to, is perceived to be superior to other groups

44
Q

What is mutual interdependence

A

Refers to the need for individuals or groups to work together toward a common goal

45
Q

What is instrumental agression

A

Violent behaviour that is purposeful and is a means to achieve some goal

46
Q

What is hostile aggression

A

Violent behaviour whose sole purpose is inflicting harm on another living creature

47
Q

What is behaviour modeling

A

Learning to complete a task by simply copying the behavior of another person

48
Q

What is social learning

A

Learning behaviours and skills by watching others engage in those behaviours

49
Q

What are pro social behaviours

A

Helping others without expecting of anything in return

50
Q

What is altruism

A

Engaging in behaviour to help another, despite the cost or potential risk to self

51
Q

What is reciprocal altruism

A

Engaging in what appears to be pro social behaviours with the expectation of getting something in return

52
Q

What is the reciprocity norm

A

The idea that if others help us then we should provide something in return

Psychology 1102 Midterm 2 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions