Chapter 13+14 Flashcards

Question

plasma

Answer 1

Liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, lipids, hormones, and vitamins

Answer 2

Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge

Answer 3

Small blood fragment important in clotting

Answer 4

Pertaining to white blood cell with multi-shaped nucleus; neutrophil

Answer 5

Plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process

Answer 6

Immature erythrocyte

Answer 7

Antigen on red blood cells of Rh positive(RH+) individuals

Answer 8

Plasma minus clotting proteins and cells | -component of blood

Answer 9

Unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms

Answer 10

Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation

Answer 11

- Erythrocytes - Thrombocytes (platelets) - Leukocytes

Answer 12

A antigen and anti-B antibody

Answer 13

B antigen and anti-A antibody

Answer 14

A and B antigens and no antibodies (universal recipient)

Answer 15

``` No A or B antigens, and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies (universal donor) Rh Factor (positive and negative) ```

Answer 16

Protein in the blood; maintains proper amount of water in blood

Answer 17

Specific protein produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigen

Answer 18

A substance that stimulates production of an antibody

Answer 19

- White blood cell that contains granules that stain blue | - contains heparin (prevents clotting and histamine(involved in allergic response)

Answer 20

Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by breakdown of hemoglobin when RBCs are destroyed -piss is very yellow, could mean problems with spleen

Answer 21

Blood clotting

Answer 22

red, dawn, rosy

Answer 23

hemoglobin

Answer 24

same, equal

Answer 25

one, single

Answer 26

shape, form

Answer 27

bone marrow

Answer 28

eat, swallow

Answer 29

varied, irregular

Answer 30

globe, round

Answer 31

Failure of blood cell production due to aplasia of cell formation of bone marrow cells -prevalent in cancer (spleen, pancreatic, etc) body will just stop producing cells

Answer 32

Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

Answer 33

Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into bloodstream -can take B12 orally to prevent this

Answer 34

Hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle shape erythrocytes and hemolysis

Answer 35

Inherited defect in ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to hypochromia (blood loses color)

Answer 36

Excess iron deposits throughout body. Can lead to congestive heart failure

Answer 37

General increase in red blood cells; can happen for no reason -treatment is to take blood out and throw it away

Answer 38

-Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary factors VIII and IX necessary for blood clotting - Patients often bleed into weight-bearing joints, especially ankles and knees - very rare, mostly DMAB affected

Answer 39

Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin

Answer 40

Increase in cancerous white blood cells

Answer 41

Abnormal increase in granulocytes in blood

Answer 42

Infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes - no symptoms, maybe a wart or something - transferred between sexual contact/kissing

Answer 43

Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow Malignant cells (lymphocytes called plasma cells that produce antibodies) destroy bone tissue and cause overproduction of immunoglobulins, including bence jones protein -found by taking urine test

Answer 44

Separation of blood into component parts and removal of select part from blood

Answer 45

Whole blood or cells taken from a donor and infused into a patient

Answer 46

Microscopic exam of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle

Answer 47

Peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor administered into a recipient

Answer 48

ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them

Answer 49

Mass of lymphatic tissue in nasopharynx

Answer 50

protein produced by B cells to destroy antigens

Answer 51

foreign substance; evokes an immune response

Answer 52

lymph nodes in armpit

Answer 53

lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies, mature in bone marrow

Answer 54

T cells that respond to antigens and destroy them

Answer 55

lymph nodes in neck region

Answer 56

proteins in blood that help antibodies and kill target

Answer 57

proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells to aid in antigen destruction

Answer 58

lymphocyte that directly kills antigens

Answer 59

antigen-presenting cell; shows T and B cells what to attack

Answer 60

Lymphocyte that aids B calls and stimulated T cells

Answer 61

- B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens; type of adaptive immunity - originate in bone marrow from stem cells - b cells mature into plasma cell that produces antibodies called immunoglobins to block effects of antigens

Answer 62

- body's ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs - use of immune cells; antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease

Answer 63

antibodies secreted by plasma cells in response to the presence of an antigen

Answer 64

use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease

Answer 65

lymph nodes in groin region

Answer 66

proteins secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response

Answer 67

proteins that stimulate gr | owth of B and T lymphocytes

Answer 68

fluid in spaces between cells; becomes lymph in lymph capillaries

Answer 69

thin, watery fluid within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body

Answer 70

tiniest lymphatic vessels

Answer 71

lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland

Answer 72

collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels

Answer 73

carrier of lymph throughout the body

Answer 74

large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body

Answer 75

lymph nodes in the area between lungs in thoracic cavity

Answer 76

lymph nodes in mesentery

Answer 77

an antibody produced in a lab to attack antigens and destroy cells

Answer 78

protection that an individual is born with to fight infection; not dependent on prior exposure to antigen -Natural Killer cells present

Answer 79

lymph nodes near aorta in lumbar area of body

Answer 80

lymphocyte that secretes antibodies; matures from B lymphocytes

Answer 81

Vessel in chest that drains lymph from upper right part of body; empties into large neck vein

Answer 82

Organ in left upper quadrant of abdomen that destroys worn-out RBCs, activates lymphocytes and stores blood

Answer 83

lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cells

Answer 84

lymphocyte that acts directly on antigens to destroy (attack) them or produces chemicals toxic to antigens

Answer 85

Ability of T lyphocytes to recognize and accept the body's own antigens as "self" or friendly

Answer 86

draining lymph from lower and left side of body; empties into large veins in neck

Answer 87

lymphoid organ in mediastinum that conditions T cells to react to foreign cells

Answer 88

masses of lymphatic tissue in back of oropharynx

Answer 89

Poison; produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants

Answer 90

exposure of individual to antigen that provokes an immune response that will destroy any cell with the antigen and will protect against infection

Answer 91

- stimulate patient's own T cells to recognize and kill cancerous cells - weakened or killed microorganisms, toxins, or other proteins given to induce immunity to infection or disease

Answer 92

protection

Answer 93

lymph node

Answer 94

thymus gland

Answer 95

again, anew

Answer 96

neck, cervix (neck of uterus)

Answer 97

condition of cells; slight increase in numbers

Answer 98

enlargement

Answer 99

resembling

Answer 100

deficiency

Answer 101

protection

Answer 102

to set; pertaining to standing or positioned

Answer 103

up; apart; backward; again; new

Answer 104

above; excessive

Answer 105

behind; back; backward

Answer 106

Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrome treated with Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (RTI), Protein inhibitors, HAART

Answer 107

- Inhibit viral enzyme called reverse transcriptase | - used to treat AIDS

Answer 108

Inhibit Viral Proteolytic enzyme used to treat AIDS

Answer 109

combo of RTI and protease inhibitors

Answer 110

Abnormal sensitivity acquired by exposure to antigen | -ranges from allergic rhinitis or hay fever to anaphylaxix

Answer 111

malignant tumor of lymph node and lymph tissue

Answer 112

Malignant tumor of bone marrow cells

Answer 113

malignant tumor of thymus, associated with myasthenia gravis, can have other autoimmune disorders

Answer 114

Measures number of CD4+ cells (helper T cells) in the bloodstream with patients with AIDS

Answer 115

detects anti-HIV antibodies; western blot given as follow-up

Answer 116

separates immunoglobulins (lgG, lgM, lgE, igA, igD)

Answer 117

Measures amount of aids virus in bloodstream

Answer 118

X-ray imaging produces cross-sectional and other views of anatomic structures -show abnormalities of lymphoid organs, such as lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland

Answer 119

Acute Lymphoid Leukemia

Answer 120

- Immature granulocytes (myeloblasts) predominate (Kids) | - platelets and erythrocytes are diminished because of infiltration and replacement of bone marrow by myeloblasts

Answer 121

- children/adolescents affected - immature lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) predominate, malignant condition of white blood cell - onset is sudden

Answer 122

- Malignant condition of white blood cells/ both mature and immature granulocytes are present, older people 55+ - slowly progressive illness, can live many years without problems - treated with Gleevec

Answer 123

- used to treat Chronic Myeloid Leukemia | - targets abnormal proteins responsible for malignancy and produce long-term control

Answer 124

- progressive course that mostly affects old people and doesn't require immediate treatment - abnormal numbers of relatively mature lymphocytes predominate in marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen

Answer 125

Test for presence of antibodies that can damage erythrocytes

Answer 126

Time required for blood to stop flowing from tiny puncture | -normal time is 8 min or less

Answer 127

Time required for venous blood to clot in test tube | -normal time less than 15 min

Answer 128

Determination of numbers of blood cells, homoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and red cell values - MCH, MCV, MCHC

Answer 129

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin

Answer 130

Mean corpuscular volume

Answer 131

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

Answer 132

Speed for erythrocytes settle out of plasma

Answer 133

Percentage of erythrocytes in volume of blood -separation of blood so that percentage of red blood cells in relation to volume of blood sample is measured

Answer 134

Total amount of hemoglobin in sample of peripheral blood

Answer 135

Number of platelets/clotting cells per cubic millimeter (mm^3) or microliter (uL) of blood

Answer 136

Measures other clotting factors

Answer 137

- Test of ability of blood to clot | - Used to monitor patients taking anticoagulant drugs

Answer 138

Number of erythtocytes per cubic millimeter (mm^3) or microliter (uL) of blood

Answer 139

Microscopic exam of stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells

Answer 140

Number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter (mm^3) or microliter (uL) of blood

Answer 141

percentages of different types of leukocytes in blood

Answer 142

Cervical, Axillary, Mediastinal, Mesenteric (intestinal), Paraaortic (lumbar), Inguinal (groin)

Answer 143

- destroys old red blood cells - filters microorganisms and other foreign material out of blood - activates lymphocytes during blood filtration (Activates B cells and T cells) - stores blood, especially erythrocytes (RBCs) and platelets

Answer 144

- Provides immunity in fetal life and early years of growth - located at mediastinum area - early removal from animal impairs ability to make antibodies

Answer 145

body's ability to recognize and remember specific antigens in an immune response

Answer 146

- type of adaptive immunity - Cytotoxic T cells (T cells + CD8 cells) attach and directly kill antigens - other T cells secrete cytokines (interferons and interleukins) that help cells respond to antigens - Helper T cells (CD4+T Cells) promote antibody synthesis by B cells and stimulate other T cells; suppressor T cells make sure B and T cells don't attack good cells

Answer 147

attach to and directly kill antigens in cell mediated immunity

Answer 148

promote antibody synthesis by B cells and stimulate other T cells in cell mediated immunity

Answer 149

inhibit B and T cells and prevent them from attacking body's good cells

Answer 150

yeast-like infection, in mouth there will be white growth, called thrush, opportunistic infection with AIDS

Answer 151

causes lung, brain, and blood infections, found in pigeon shit

Answer 152

Parasitic infection of gastrointestinal tract and brain and spinal cord, found in farm animals

Answer 153

virus causes enteritis and retinitis - only causes disease when immune system is compromised (like AIDS) - found in saliva, semen, cervical secretions, urine, feces, blood, and breast milk

Answer 154

viral infection causes small blisters on skin of lips or nose or on genitals

Answer 155

fungal infection caused by inhaling dust, causes fever, chils, and lung infection, -found in birds and bats

Answer 156

manifests with fever, malaise, night sweats, anorexia, diarrhea, weight loss, and lung/blood infections

Answer 157

one-celled organism causes lung infection, with faver, cough, and chest pain -found in air, water, and soil and is carried by animals

Answer 158

parasitic infection involving central nervous system - fevers, chills, visual disturbances, confusion hemiperesis, seizures - from uncooked lamb and pork, unpasturized dairy products, raw eggs/ vegetables

Answer 159

Bacterial Disease involving lungs, brain, and other organs | -symptoms are fever cough, loss of weight, anorexia, and blood in sputum

Answer 160

Tumor of lymphoid tissue, mainly in spleen and lymph nodes | -enlarged lymph nodes

Answer 161

- B-cell lymphomas, not T | - Chemotherapy may help cure or stop progress of disease

Answer 162

Malignant tumor of bone marrow cells

Answer 163

Malignant tumor of Thymus, associated with myasthenia gravis -patients may have other autoimmune disorders such as lupus erythmatosus and rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 164

Malignant lesion associated with AIDS: arises from lining of capillaries and appears as red, purple, brown, or black skin nodules

Answer 165

Weight Loss, decrease in muscular strength, appetite, and mental activity; associated with AIDS

Answer 166

Disorder of RBC morphology: RBCS are unusual shape

Answer 167

Decrease of Neutrophils

Answer 168

Difficulty breathing

Answer 169

Iron deficiency

Answer 170

difficulty Swallowing

Answer 171

- immature blood cells in the bone marrow do not mature and do not become healthy blood cells. (not enough functioning blood cells - Early on no symptoms. Later symptoms feeling tired, shortness of breath, easy bleeding, or frequent infections

Answer 172

dark feces containing partly digested blood

Answer 173

Abnormal accumulation of abdominal fluid

Answer 174

Blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in RBCs

Answer 175

Albumin, Globulin, fibrinogen, prothrombin

Answer 176

Drug given to patient to prevent formation of clots

Answer 177

substance that prevents clotting

Answer 178

cell that eats or swallows other cells

Answer 179

formation of bone marrow

Answer 180

Increase in type of white blood cell (seen in allergies)

Answer 181

separation

Answer 182

Deficiency in number of red blood cells

Answer 183

pertaining to reduction of hemoglobin in red blood cells

Answer 184

Variation in size of red blood cells

Answer 185

Abnormal numbers of round, rather than normally biconcave-shaped, red blood cells

Answer 186

Increase in number of small red blood cells

Answer 187

disease or disorder related to blood

Answer 188

Immunoglobulin fragment found in urine of patients with multiple myeloma

Answer 189

Symptoms of the disease's return

Answer 190

Symptoms of the disease's disappearance

Answer 191

Large blue or purplish patches on skin (bruises)

Answer 192

Deficiency of all blood cells

Answer 193

Tiny purple or red spots on skin occurring as a result of small hemorrhages

Answer 194

Preparation of erythrocytes separated from plasma

Answer 195

Immune reaction of donor’s cells/tissue to recipient’s cell/tissue; a possible outcome of hematopoietic stem cell or bone marrow transplantation

Answer 196

denoting undue inclination

Answer 197

indicating a transmission, separation

Answer 198

Syndrome marked by enlargement of spleen and associated with anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia

Answer 199

Antigen capable of causing allergy (hypersensitivity)

Answer 200

Extraordinary hypersensitivity to a foreign protein; marked by hypertension, shock, and respiratory distress

Chapter 13+14 Flashcards

(252 cards)