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Biology - 11 > Chapter 13 & 14 (Minus 13.1) > Flashcards

Chapter 13 & 14 (Minus 13.1) Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 groups are plants classified into?

A
  • Vascular plants (with vascular tissue)

- Non-vascular (without vascular tissue)

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2
Q

What 2 organs systems do vascular plants have?

A
  • Shoot system (above ground)

- Root system (under ground)

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3
Q

The shoot system is made up of what organs?

A
  • Stem

- Leaves

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4
Q

Define the shoot system

A

Steams and leaves of a plant; the stems provide structural support and in some cases perform photosynthesis; the leaves are specialized for photosynthesis

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5
Q

What is this definition: Steams and leaves of a plant; the stems provide structural support and in some cases perform photosynthesis; the leaves are specialized for photosynthesis?

A

Shoot system

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6
Q

What are the 3 main organs in plants?

A
  • Stem
  • Leaves
  • Roots
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7
Q

What are the leaves specialized to do in the shoot system?

A
  • Specialized to conduct photosynthesis
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8
Q

What is the stem specialized to do in a shoot system?

A
  • Has reproductive structures of mature plants
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9
Q

What organ makes up the root system?

A

Roots

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10
Q

What do the roots in the root system do?

A
  • Anchor plant by penetrating into the soil

- Absorbs water and mineral nutrients the plant needs

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11
Q

Define the root system

A

The roots of a plant; it anchors the plant and absorbs the water and mineral nutrients the plant needs

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12
Q

What definition is this: The roots of a plant; it anchors the plant and absorbs the water and mineral nutrients the plant needs?

A

Root system

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13
Q

What do plant cells have?

A
  • Cell walls (provides support to plant)
  • Large central vacuole
  • Chloroplasts ( Carry out photosynthesis)
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14
Q

How many types of plant cells are there?

A

3

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15
Q

What are the 3 types of plant cells?

A
  • Parenchyma
  • Collenchyma
  • Sclerenchyma
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16
Q

Name some characteristics of parenchyma cells

A
  • Have thin, flexible walls
  • Basis of plant structures
  • Spherical in shape
  • Those in leaves and green stems have chloroplasts
  • Those in roots have large central vacuoles (which store substances)
17
Q

Name some functions of parenchyma cells?

A
  • Storage
  • Photosynthesis
  • Gas exchange
  • Protection
18
Q

Name some characteristics of Collenchyma cells

A
  • Elongated and occur in long strands or cylinders
  • Unevenly thickened cell walls
  • Flexible; allows plant to being without breaking
19
Q

Name some characteristics of Sclerenchyma cells

A
  • Have thick secondary cell walls
  • Cell walls contain lignin
  • Die once they completed growth
  • Lack organelles, but have thick, rigid, cell walls
20
Q

What is the main function of Sclerenchyma cells?

A

Provide support for mature plants

21
Q

How many types of Sclerenchyma cells are there?

A

2

22
Q

What’re the 2 types of Sclerenchyma cells?

A
  • Sclereids

- Fibres

23
Q

What is lignin?

A

Substance which makes cell walls tough and hard

24
Q

What is another name for Sclereids?

A

Stone cells

25
Q

State some facts about Sclereids

A
  • Randomly distributed throughout plant
  • Shorter than fibre cells
  • Irregular shape
26
Q

State some facts about Fibres

A
  • Needle shaped
  • Thick cell walls
  • Small interior spaces
  • When stacked end to end, make up tough elastic tissue
27
Q

What are fibres used to make?

A

Ropes, linens, textiles

28
Q

What is a Scleroid?

A

Type of Sclerenchyma cell

29
Q

What type of plant cell is fibre?

A

Sclerenchyma Cell

30
Q

How many types of tissue do plants have?

A

4

31
Q

What are the 4 types of tissue plants have?

A
  • Meristematic Tissue
  • Dermal tissue
  • Ground tissue
  • Vascular tissue
32
Q

Describe some characteristics of meristematic tissue

A
  • Where new cells are produced by mitosis

- All vascular plants have this type of tissue

33
Q

Define meristematic tissue

A

Undifferentiated embryonic plant tissue from which all other plant tissues develop

34
Q

What is this definition: Undifferentiated embryonic plant tissue from which all other plant tissues develop?

A

Meristematic tissue

35
Q

These undifferentiated embryonic tissues make up ——

A

Meristems

36
Q

What are meristems and what are they made up of?

A
  • Are areas of rapidly dividing cells

- Made up of meristematic tissue

37
Q

Name some functions of collenchyma cells

A
  • Support surrounding tissues
  • Provide flexibility for plant
  • Tissue repair and replacement
38
Q

What is the apical meristem?

A

A region beyond the root cap where the roots are growing longer due to the division of cells

39
Q

Why are the tips of a plant’s roots growing longer?

A

Division of cells in apical meristem

Biology - 11 (11 decks)

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