Chapter 13 Flashcards
Paleolithic Presence
Small groups within countries or continents that were not updated with civilization followed a hunting and gathering lifestyle. They had an absence of agriculture.
Benin
A kingdom in West Africa that was a part of the trans-Saharan trade. It also got its wealth & power from it, & just like most people there, it emerged and connected with other societies & places.
Igbo
People who built a complex society, rejecting kingship & centralized statehood. They relied on other institutions to provide social coherence.
Iroquois
A nation of five Iroquois groups allied, set aside their differences, & came together to solve problems through the clan leaders’ decisions in response to European settlers and their problems.
Timur
A Turkic-speaking warrior/soldier who tried to restore the Mongol Empire by conquering lands, especially Russia. It was a great attempt, but it ultimately failed.
Fulbe
The largest pastoral society in West Africa/ They adopted Islam & took on a religious leadership role, leading to the creation of numerous states.
Ming Dynasty China
Period of cultural restoration & expansion. The Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Yuan dynasty, led to conserving the old Chinese way. It became one of the best dynasties the world has ever seen.
Zheng He
A Chinese Muslim unich. He was an admiral supported by the Chinese emperor and commanded 300+ technologically advanced ships, leading his fleet across a voyage in 1405 across the Indian Ocean & to many parts of the known world.
European Renaissance
“Rebirth” of classical learning. It led to a major development in art, growing secularism in society, and the rediscovery of the Greek language. It returned to the old ways of European life, while classical learning was technically experienced by the rich & privileged.
Ottoman Empire
A major Islamic state centered in Anatolia. It had issues with other Muslim states & empires. Eventually, it took over Constantinople, leading to the “end of it all.” It controlled the majority of the Islamic world.
Seizure of Constantinople (1453)
Constantinople was seized by the Turkic-speaking people and soon conquered by them following the fall of the Byzantine Empire.
Safavid Empire
An Islamic group much like the Turkish who were Shia Muslims and clashed with the Ottoman Empire.
Songhai Empire
An empire in Africa near the Niger River that was independent. It became a large part of West Africa, controlling most of the trans-Saharan trade & working as an independent state.
Timbuktu
In the kingdom of Mali, it was a huge city near the Niger River & became a major place for Islamic learning & trans-Sahran trade.
Mughal Empire
An empire in which Muslims controlled the majority of India’s Hindu population. They tried to make India Islamic but failed to do so. The empire had a lot of culture clashes & a large population.
