Chapter 13

Question 1

Social Thinking

Answer 1

how we think in relation to other people

Question 2

Social Influence

Answer 2

how others influence out thinking and actions

Question 3

Antisocial and Prosocial Behaviour

Answer 3

how we treat and relate to each other

Question 4

Attribution Theory

Answer 4

conclusion about why a observed behaviour/event happens

Question 5

Two Types of Attributions

Answer 5

Situational (something is causing you to act like that) and Dispositional (that’s just who you are)

Question 6

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 6

we tend to focus on the person, not the situation

Question 7

Individualistic Cultures

Answer 7

personality is stable

Question 8

Collective Cultures

Answer 8

personality is fluid

Question 9

Attitudes

Answer 9

how we respond to an event, object, or person

Question 10

ABC Model of Attitudes

Answer 10

Affective (emotions), Behaviour (experiences and actions), Cognitive (beliefs)

Question 11

Foot-in-the-door Phenomenon

Answer 11

giving a smaller request first

Question 12

Stanford Prison Study Conclusion

Answer 12

it’s the environment that makes people act cruel

Question 13

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 13

tension happens so we’re going to do something to reduce it

Question 14

Tension

Answer 14

when our attitude and behaviour is inconsistent or opposing

Question 15

How do we reduce tension (3 ways) - Chickens Eat Turkeys

Answer 15

1) change original attitude
2) explain why you’re doing the behaviour (reduce inconsistency)
3) trivialize the importance of the behaviour/attitude (make it less important)

Question 16

Insufficient Justification

Answer 16

people are more likely to engage in a behaviour that contradicts their attitude when given a smaller award than a bigger

Question 17

Types of Conformity

Answer 17

Compliance: privately disagree, publicly follow (Asch’s researchers picking the wrong line)
Obedience: follow direct orders from authority (Milligram’s electrocuting)

Question 18

Reasons for Conforming

Answer 18

1) Normative social influence (belonging approval)
2) Informational social influence (willingness to accept others opinions about reality i.e. what side of the road to drive on)

Question 19

Anti-social Relations

Answer 19

why people think/behave negatively towards each other

Question 20

Components of Prejudice (I EAT EVERY PICKLE)

Answer 20

1) Implicit beliefs
2) Explicit beliefs (stereotypes)
3) Emotions
4) Pre-dispositions (acting discriminatory)

Question 21

Social Inequality

Answer 21

when some groups have more resources and opportunities

Question 22

Roots of Prejudice (give me one SEC)

Answer 22

1) Social (us vs. them mentalities)
2) Emotional (frustration, attack others for own problems)
3) Cognitive (categorize people into groups)

Question 23

In-group Bias

Answer 23

need to belong

Question 24

Scapegoat Theory

Answer 24

find someone else to blame

Question 25

Cognitive Roots (SAF)

Answer 25

see, assumer, form (stereotypes, judging based on vivid cases i.e. 9/11)

Question 26

Just-World Fallacy

Answer 26

people get what they deserve

Question 27

Implication

Answer 27

Rich: earned their way Poor: did something to deserve it

Question 28

Prosocial Behaviour

Answer 28

behaviour intended to benefit other people

Question 29

Why do we help? (SILLY SAM EATS MUD)

Answer 29

1) Social exchange (transactional = dopamine or rewards) 2) Social norms (societies expectations) 3) Evolutionary psychology (to ensure survival and favours are returned) 4) Modeling (observing others)

Question 30

What influences helping behaviour? (MARTA ATE THE SANDWICH)

Answer 30

Modeling helpfulness, attractiveness, time pressures (are you in a hurry, similarity (more empathy)

Question 31

Bystander Intervention

Answer 31

see something, say something

Question 32

Door-in-the-face Technique

Answer 32

making a large request first

Question 33

What Psychological Factors Bring People Together? (PRETTY PLEASE SAM)

Answer 33

1) Proximity 2) Physical Attractiveness 3) Similarity

Question 34

The Mere Exposure Effect

Answer 34

you are more attracted to someone you've seen a lot

Question 35

Self-Disclosure

Answer 35

revealing intimate aspects of oneself

Question 36

Social Facilitation

Answer 36

people perform better in the presence of others

Question 37

Social Loafing

Answer 37

putting in less effort when you're in a group than when you're by yourself

Question 38

deindividuation

Answer 38

when in a group people don't act like themselves (mobs, gangs, cults)

Question 39

Groupthink

Answer 39

making a decision that is there to not hurt anyones feelings, even if it has consequences

Question 40

Empathy

Answer 40

sharing feelings with others

Question 41

Group Polarization

Answer 41

when groups make more extreme decisions than they would if they were by themselves

Question 42

normative social influence

Answer 42

when a person conforms to be accepted into a group

Question 43

peripheral social influence

Answer 43

when someone is persuaded by something that is not the central argument

Question 44

informational social influence

Answer 44

when a person conforms to gain knowledge, or because they believe the person is 'right'

Question 45

altruism

Answer 45

the concern for the well-being of others