Chapter 13

Question 1

annexation

Answer 1

legally adding land area to a city in the United States

Question 2

census tract

Answer 2

an area delineated by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for which statistics are published; in urbanized areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods

Question 3

Central Business District (CBD)

Answer 3

the area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered

Question 4

city

Answer 4

an urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into an independent, self-governing unit

Question 5

combined statistical area (CSA)

Answer 5

In the United States, tow or more contiguous core based statistical areas tied together by commuting patterns

Question 6

concentric zone model

Answer 6

a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings

Question 7

core based statistical area (CBSA)

Answer 7

In the United States, the combination of all metropolitan statistical areas and micropolitan statistical areas

Question 8

council of government

Answer 8

a cooperative agency consisting of representatives of local governments in a metropolitan area in the United States

Question 9

density gradient

Answer 9

the change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery

Question 10

edge city

Answer 10

a large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area

Question 11

filtering

Answer 11

a process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment

Question 12

gentrification

Answer 12

a process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income, renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class, owner-occupied area

Question 13

greenbelt

Answer 13

a ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area

Question 14

metropolitan statistical area (MSA)

Answer 14

in the United States, a central city of at least 50,000 inhabitants, the county within which the city is located, and adjacent counties meeting one of several tests indicating a functional connection to the central city

Question 15

micropolitan statistical area

Answer 15

an urbanized area of between 10,000 and 50,000 inhabitants, the county in which it is found, and adjacent counties tied to the city

Question 16

mulitiple nuclei model

Answer 16

a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities

Question 17

peripheral model

Answer 17

a model of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road

Question 18

primary census statistical area (PCSA)

Answer 18

in the United States, all of the combined statistical areas plus all of the remaining metropolitan statistical areas and micropolitan statistical areas

Question 19

public housing

Answer 19

housing owned by the government; in the United States, it is rented to residents with low incomes, and the rents are set at 30 percent of the families’ incomes

Question 20

redlining

Answer 20

a process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries

Question 21

rush hour

Answer 21

the four consecutive 15-minute periods in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic

Question 22

sector model

Answer 22

a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business district (CBD)

Question 23

smart growth

Answer 23

legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland

Question 24

social area analysis

Answer 24

statistical analysis used to identify where people of similar living standards, ethnic background, and life style live within an urban area

Question 25

sprawl

Answer 25

development of new housing sites at relatively low density and at locations that are not contiguous to the existing built-up area

Question 26

squatter settlement

Answer 26

an area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures

Question 27

underclass

Answer 27

a group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic characteristics

Question 28

urban renewal

Answer 28

program in which cities identify blighted inner-city neighborhoods, acquire the properties from private owners, relocated the residents and businesses, clear the site, build new roads and utilities, and turn the land over to private developers

Question 29

urbanized area

Answer 29

in the United States, a central city plus its contiguous built-up suburbs

Question 30

zoning ordinance

Answer 30

a law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community