Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Euro > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® European History flashcards
0
Q

Venice

A

Overseas trade

Shipbuilding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Renaissance

A

Cultural achievements of 14-16 century

Rest on economic/political developments of earlier centuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Genoa

A

Crossroads of trade between east and west

Shipbuilding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Milan

A

Crossroads of trade between east and west

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Florence

A

Wool industry - major factor in financial expansion and population increase

First artistic/literary manifestations of IR appeared here

Papal banking - ex. Medici family

Enormous wealth

Economic foundations were strong
-Kind Edward III repudiated debts Black Death and labor unrest didn’t change the stability

-landlocked city

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Communes

A

Northern Italian cities
-independence from nobles

Nobles settled in cities afterwards 
-trade
Urban real estate 
Public offices
Marriages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Urban nobility

A 
Groups tied by 
-Blood
-Economic interests
-Social connections 
who fought for their rights
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Popoplo

A

People excluded from power b/c of social restrictions

  • wanted places in govt
  • used armed forces/violence
  • wanted republican govt
  • failed to establish civil order
  • despots and oligarchies formed and ruled Italian city states
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Princely court

A

Signori/oligarchy - facade of republican govt

Allowed oligarch to flaunt wealth

Renaissance - nostalgia for roman govt and shrewdness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What hindered the development of one unified state

A

Italians attachment to individual city states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

5 main powers

A 
Venice
Milan
Florence
Papal States
Kingdom of Naples

-governed as monarchs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Venice - power

A

International power

Oligarchy of merchant aristocrats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Milan power

A

Despots of Sforza family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Florence power

A

Authority in several state councils

Authority held by Medici banking family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Papal States / Central Italy power

A

Pope Alexander VI

  • son Cesare Borgia - reasserted papal authority in the papal lands
    - model for The Prince
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Naples power - southern Italy and sometimes Sicily

A

Disputed between aragonese and French

-passed to Aragon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Northern Europe v Italy

A

NE - centralization/consolidation

I - power city states conquered the weak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Renaissance Italians invented machinery of modern

A

Diplomacy

Resident ambassador - permanent embassies in capitals
- monitoring of relations and commercial ties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What set Italy up for invasion

A

Venice Florence Milan and papacy had great achievement but inability to form a common alliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Savonarola

A

Denounced paganism
Moral vice of Florence
Medici govt
And pope Alexander VI corruption

  • religious leader of Florence
  • contributed to fall of Medici dynasty
  • symbolized internal instability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why did French King Charles VIII invade itality in 1494?

  • Florence Rome Naples
A

Italy

  • focus of intl ambitions
  • battleground of foreign armies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

League of Cambrai

A

Louis XII + pope + German emperor

-purpose of stripping rich Venice of its mainland possessions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Habsburg-Valois War

A

French v German in Italy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Petrarch

A

Father of IR

-Germanic invasions caused a cultural outbreak and started the Dark ages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Individualism

A
  • secular
  • quest for glory
  • full development of one’s ability

Ex. Alberti and Cellini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Humanism

A
  • skeptical of authority
  • looked to classics (Greek/roman) to understand human nature
  • literary culture considered to be educated and civilized
    • increasing lay phenomenon
  • human potentional
  • rhetoricians
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Difference bw renaissance humanists and medieval ones

A

RH - more self conscious about what they were doing and stressed realization of human potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Secularism

A
  • material world > spiritual one
  • attention concentrated in acquiring material things
  • usury - lending money at interest
  • worried about profits for comfortable life than values
  • increased in society
  • most still remained Christian
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Humanist Valla

A

Proved On False Donation of Constantine a forgery

-weakened papal authority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Boccaccio - Decameron

A

Portrays acquisitive and worldly society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Why did church leaders not combat the secular spirit?

A

They were already rich and fostered the worldly attitude rather than opposing it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What two cities lead the way in arts?

A

Florence and Rome (HighR)

R
-DA Vinci
Michealango
-Raphael

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Early R Italy art

A

Manifested corporate power

-powerful urban groups (guilds/religious fraternities) commissioned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Middle Ages Art subject

A

Overwhelming religious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Later 15 century subject

A

Individuals/ oligarchs glorifying themselves and family - wealth

-became more secular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Art reveals changing patterns of —– in R Italy

A

Consumption (consumer habits)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Giotto

A

Realism painter

37
Q

Masaccio

A

Father of modern painting

- narrative power

38
Q

Intl style

A 
Rich color
Description
Detail 
Forms
Curvilinear Rhythms
39
Q

Donatello

A

Greatest influence of florentine artist

-variety of human nature

40
Q

Artists in R

A

Status improved

  • worked under princes not public
  • economic security + great wealth
  • respected/rewarded
41
Q

R culture

A

Technological innovation - printing
Shift in women status
Number of slaves

42
Q

Castiglione - courtier

A

Courtly ideal of gentlemen

Became model for European gentlemen

43
Q

R humanism allowed for a —- advance for women

A

Education

44
Q

Ceres

A

Said women’s inferiority was characterized by themselves
Jewelry symbolized captivity
Condemned empty women

45
Q

The prince

A

Subject : political power
Humans - out to advance themselves
Prince - use manipulation when necessary

  • political action cannot be restricted by moral considerations
46
Q

Medieval political theory

A

1 state rose as consequence of Adams fall and people’s propensity to sin

2 high moral / Christian standards for rulers

47
Q

Significance of Machiavelli

A

1 permanent social order reflecting gods will cannot be established

2 politics has it’s own laws and ought to be a science

48
Q

Paper

A

Gutenberg Fust Schöffer

China - Arabs - Western Europe

Govts - declarations of war treaties battle accounts

Propaganda - differences on society (ex classes)
-basis for formation of political parties

49
Q

Print

A

1st religious
Then morals medicine practical travel and porn

-bridged gap between written and oral cultures

50
Q

Time

A

Europeans - mechanical clock
Arabs - sundials
Monastic/rural world - bells

51
Q

Quantification - precise measurements of days hours

A

Buying and selling - initiated the process

  • mechanical clocks
  • invoked a visual/quantitative view
52
Q

Women’s work

A

Venetian arsenal - sails
Florentine - textiles
Lyon - ferry device
Dubrovnik - female slaves

-helped agriculturally throughout Europe

53
Q

Status of upper class women —–

A

Declined

Humanist Alberti and Vives + Smith - women’s role should be the household

Noblewomen - managed household & court
-servants, children, and condition of the serfs o

54
Q

Women sexuality

A

Double standard
Rape not taken seriously
- seen as property + mild punishment

55
Q

Florentine govt - office of the night

A

Went after men engaging in sodomy

56
Q

Slaves used as…

A

Commodities and cheap labor

57
Q

Slaves were unfree persons of

A

Slavic background

  • Prague bohemian polish
58
Q

——-replaced domestic servants in Portugal and Venice

A

Blacks

59
Q

What roles did blacks play in R society

A

Few managed freedom - went back to Africa

  • wide dispersion of blacks and benign pattern of Albert
  • lack of black slave revolts
60
Q

Slave trade was used by Africa leaders in order to get more

A

Revenue and goods

61
Q

Genoa Venice (slaves)

A

14 C Mediterranean slave trade

- Black Death labor shortage

62
Q

Black servants (women) were symbols of

A

Wealth

63
Q

North Europe Humanists based on

A

Christian beliefs

64
Q

Christian humanists believed

A

Elements of classical and Christian cultures should be combined

Stressed use of reason

Impatient with scholastic philosophy - thought human nature could be improved by education

65
Q

More - Utopia

A

1 absolute social equality
2 basic problems in society caused by greed
3 live by reason
4 institutions are perfect

  • acquisitiveness and private property promoted all sorta of vices and civil disorders
  • key to improvement/ reform of individual = reform of social institutions
66
Q

Dutch humanist Erasmus + themes

A

Scholar with intl reputation
-publication include Greek New Testament

Themes
1 education is means to reform
2 philosophy of Christ

Christ is what he said/did, not what theologians have written

67
Q

French human Rabelais

A
  • secular
  • comic
  • satire
  • gargantua and pantagruel
68
Q

Similarities E R M

A

E R satirized hypocritical/pompous

M R in institution was education was key to moral and healthy life

69
Q

—— characterized Northern art and architecture

A

Religion

70
Q

Van der Weyden & van Eycj

A

Flemish artist equals of Italian painters

71
Q

Rulers utilized —– to rebuild their govt

A

Aggressive methods implied by R political ideas

72
Q

Louis XI
Henry VII
Ferdinad/Isabella in Psian

A

Monarchs w/

Royal authority
National purpose
MEmphasized royal majesty and royal sovereignty
Suppressed opposition and rebellion

73
Q

R rulers tended to rely on —-

A

Middle class civil servants

74
Q

Charles VII France

A

Reconciled the Burgundians and armagnacs

Recognized royal council
(Increased power to middle class men)

Put taxes on (gabelle) salt and land

75
Q

Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges

A

General council superior to papacy

76
Q

Louis XI - Charles son France

A

Money based
Promoted industries
Improved army

Stopped aristocratic brigandage and cut into urban independence

77
Q

Two developments that strengthened French monarchy

A

1 marriage of Louis XII and Anne of Brittany
-added western duchy of Brittany

2 Concordat of Bologna

  • revoked Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges
  • pope - 1st years income on new bishops and abbots
  • French rulers - right to select French bishops and abbots
78
Q

Henry VI England

A

Authority of monarch sunk

79
Q

Yorkist Edward IV

A

Established domestic tranquility

Conducted foreign pilot on basis of diplomacy

  • did not depend on parliament for money
  • cut down aristocratic influence
80
Q

Royal council

A 
Middle class
Governed at national level
81
Q

Court of star chamber

A
  • Where royal council discussed serious threats with treacherous punishment a
  • led to decline of aristocrats behaving
82
Q

Justices of the peace

A

Held order in local govt

83
Q

Tudors

A 
Relied on justices of peace
-got support of upper middle class through political interest directed at them
84
Q

Spain govt

A

Loose confederation of kingdoms of Castile and Aragon

85
Q

Spain royal council

A

-To curb aristocratic power

Middle class

Supervision of local authorities

86
Q

Revenues from ecclesiastical states for Spain allowed them to

A

Raise an army
Continue Reconquista
Conquering of Granada and Navarre

87
Q

Jews

A

Supported royal power

Sought refuge in Spain after being expelled from France and England

88
Q

Inquisition purpose

A

Discover/punish converted Jews/Conversos
(later Muslims, Protestants)
Who were insincere

89
Q

Anti semitism in Spain

A

40% of Jews killed/forced to convert

90
Q

Giorgio Vasari

A

Italian art historian
Wrote about rebirth of art in 15/16 century
First introduced term renaissance

AP Euro (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions