Chapter 13 Flashcards
psychological disorder
ongoing patterns of thoughts feelings, and actions that are deviant, distressful, dysfunctional
medical model
the concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and cured, often via hospital treatment
anxiety disorders
psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
(anxiety disorders)
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
a person is unexplainably and continually tense and uneasy
(anxiety disorders)
panic disorder
a person experiences sudden episodes of intense dread
(anxiety disorders)
phobias
a person feels irrationally and intensely afraid of a specific object or situation
(anxiety disorders)
obsessive compulsive disorders
a person is troubled by repetitive thoughts or actions
(anxiety disorders)
post traumatic stress disorder
a person has lingering memories, nightmares, and other symptoms for weeks after severely threatening, uncontrollable event
anxiety
- a feeling and a cognition
- two learning processes that contribute to anxiety:
1. stimulus generalization
2. reinforcement (sustains anxiety)
somatoform disorder
a psychological disorder characterized by symptoms that take somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause
(somatoform disorders)
conversion disorder
rare; a person who experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found
(somatoform disorders)
hypochondriasis
a person interprets normal physical sensations as a symptom of a disease
dissociative disorders
a psychological disorder characterized by the conscious awareness becoming separated from previous memories, thoughts and feelings
(dissociative disorders)
dissociative identity disorder (DID)
rare; a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities
mood disorders
a psychological disorder characterized by emotional extremeness
(mood disorders)
major depressive disorder
a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities
(mood disorders)
mania
mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state
(mood disorders)
bipolar disorder
a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania
mood disorders details
- most major depressive episodes self-terminate
- women more vulnerable to internalized state-disorders
- men more vulnerable to externalized state-disorders
- with each new generation, depression occurs earlier
(mood disorders)
biological
- depression: less brain activity; less norepinephrine and serotonin; hippocampus more vulnerable to stress-related damage
- mania: norepinephrine abundant
schizophrenia
a psychological disorder characterized by delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions and inappropriate emotions and actions
(schizophrenia)
psychotic disorder
a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions
(schizophrenia)
delusions
false beliefs, often persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders
(hallucinations)
(schizophrenia)
subtypes
paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, residual
